Salah Anwar Mohamed Mohamed, Mohamed Anwar, Dianti Nessia Rachma, Heye Anne-Lisa, Völkel Klaus, Tillmann Judith, Klassen Oxana, Wiesheu Paul, Weckbecker Klaus, Münster Eva
Institute for General Medicine and Primary Care, Chair of General Medicine I and Interprofessional Care, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Street 50, 58455, Witten, Germany.
Office for Labor, Health Economy, Technology Transfer, and University Development, City of Witten, Witten, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 15;25(1):1789. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23002-w.
Despite widespread recognition of breakfast as a key contributor to adolescent health, breakfast skipping remains common and concerning. It has been associated with increased consumption of energy-dense snacks, lower intake of essential nutrients, and irregular eating patterns throughout the day. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of breakfast skipping on the day of the survey among adolescents in Witten, Germany, and to explore its associations with selected sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, and self-reported health indicators.
Between November 2, 2021, and February 25, 2022, a cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted among 10th-grade students in all nine municipally managed secondary schools in Witten. The questionnaire assessed breakfast consumption on the surveyed day, school type, sociodemographic factors, health status, and physical activity. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, including chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and identify predictors of breakfast skipping.
In a sample of 646 students (response rate 98.3%), 50.6% (n = 327) reported skipping breakfast before school on the day of the survey. Students attending intermediate secondary schools (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.1-2.51) or comprehensive schools (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11-2.36), and those with a migration background (defined in Germany as having at least one parent born abroad) (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04-2.04), were significantly more likely to skip breakfast. In contrast, students reporting "excellent" (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.48) or "very good" (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.91) general health, and those categorized as underweight (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.2-0.98), were significantly less likely to skip breakfast. No significant associations were found for gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity, or family doctor consultations.
This study indicates that the educational environment and cultural background might significantly impact adolescents' breakfast consumption behaviours on the surveyed day, underscoring the need for targeted educational interventions. Promoting a positive perception of personal health is key to encouraging regular breakfast consumption among adolescents. These findings provide important insights for public health strategies to enhance adolescents' dietary habits.
Not applicable.
尽管人们普遍认识到早餐对青少年健康至关重要，但不吃早餐的现象仍然普遍且令人担忧。它与高热量零食的摄入量增加、必需营养素的摄入量降低以及全天不规律的饮食模式有关。本研究旨在评估德国维滕市青少年在调查当天不吃早餐的 prevalence，并探讨其与选定的社会人口学特征、健康相关行为以及自我报告的健康指标之间的关联。
在2021年11月2日至2022年2月25日期间，对维滕市所有九所市立中学的十年级学生进行了一项基于调查的横断面研究。问卷评估了调查当天的早餐摄入量、学校类型、社会人口学因素、健康状况和体育活动。使用SPSS进行统计分析，包括卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归，以估计比值比并确定不吃早餐的预测因素。
在646名学生的样本中（回复率98.3%），50.6%（n = 327）报告在调查当天上学前不吃早餐。就读于初中（调整后的比值比为1.66，95%置信区间为1.1 - 2.51）或综合学校（调整后的比值比为1.62，95%置信区间为1.11 - 2.36）的学生，以及有移民背景的学生（在德国定义为至少有一位父母出生在国外）（调整后的比值比为1.46，95%置信区间为1.04 - 2.04），不吃早餐的可能性显著更高。相比之下，报告总体健康状况为“优秀”（调整后的比值比为0.29，95%置信区间为0.17 - 0.48）或“非常好”（调整后的比值比为0.63，95%置信区间为0.43 - 0.91）的学生，以及被归类为体重过轻的学生（调整后的比值比为0.44，95%置信区间为0.2 - 0.98），不吃早餐的可能性显著更低。在性别、年龄、社会经济地位、体育活动或看家庭医生方面未发现显著关联。
本研究表明，教育环境和文化背景可能会对青少年在调查当天的早餐消费行为产生显著影响，强调了有针对性的教育干预的必要性。促进对个人健康的积极认知是鼓励青少年规律食用早餐的关键。这些发现为改善青少年饮食习惯的公共卫生策略提供了重要见解。
不适用。
