Department of Nephrology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Research Center of Iranian Tissue Bank, Tehran, Iran.
Ren Fail. 2010 Jan;32(1):62-8. doi: 10.3109/08860220903491190.
The rapid increase in end stage renal disease (ESRD) prevalence, plus the enormous cost of treatment, necessitates an urgent approach to implement strategies to prevent development and progression of ESRD, especially in the developing world. Screening that leads to early identification and treatment has been recommended, as it may slow or prevent progression to a more expensive and disabling stage of the disease and thus may save lives as well as finite resources.
In 2007, the Healthy City Office of Tehran municipality conducted a large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey titled "Kidney Disease Screening of Taxi Drivers in Tehran." Taxi drivers or applicants of purchasing taxi participated in mentioned screening program in the last three months of 2007. Demographic data, blood pressure, and history of hypertension or smoking-and then in specific laboratories creatinine, lipid profile, complete blood count, fasting blood sugar, and urinalysis-have been checked. Results. The survey covered 31,999 people across Tehran (in a population of 12 million) during the study period. The mean and SD of age of participants was 43.77 +/- 11.32 (range from 18 to 86) years, and 98.4% (31,489) were male. Using the MDRD equation, overall prevalence of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was 6.5%. However, the prevalence was 6.4% (1982/30949) in males in relation to 13.7% (69/503) in females. Mean and SD of BMI in males and females were 25.90 +/- 3.91 and 26.48 +/- 4.50 g, respectively. The overall prevalence of proteinuria (>or=1+ proteinuria) was 0.6% in males vs. 1.8% in females in normal GFR group. Age, LDL cholesterol, hypertension, blood glucose, and BMI showed to be strong risk factors for low GFR. Education level did not show a significant correlation with low GFR.
The findings of the study insist on the fact that CKD prevalence is significantly higher in old age, females, hypertensives, and uncontrolled diabetic patients. Our ability to decrease the incidence of ESRD is predicated on recognizing those patients with CKD and implementing all preventive strategies.
终末期肾病（ESRD）患病率的迅速增加，加上治疗费用的巨大，需要采取紧急措施实施策略来预防 ESRD 的发生和进展，特别是在发展中国家。已经建议进行导致早期识别和治疗的筛查，因为它可能会减缓或阻止疾病向更昂贵和更具致残性的阶段发展，从而可以挽救生命和有限的资源。
2007 年，德黑兰市健康城市办公室开展了一项名为“德黑兰出租车司机肾脏疾病筛查”的大规模基于人群的横断面调查。出租车司机或购买出租车的申请人在 2007 年的最后三个月参加了上述筛查计划。记录人口统计学数据、血压、高血压或吸烟史，然后在特定实验室检查肌酐、血脂谱、全血细胞计数、空腹血糖和尿液分析。结果：在研究期间，该调查覆盖了德黑兰的 31999 人（人口为 1200 万）。参与者的年龄平均值和标准差为 43.77±11.32（年龄范围为 18-86 岁），98.4%（31489 人）为男性。使用 MDRD 方程，eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m(2)的总体患病率为 6.5%。然而，男性的患病率为 6.4%（1982/30949），而女性的患病率为 13.7%（69/503）。男性和女性的 BMI 平均值和标准差分别为 25.90±3.91 和 26.48±4.50g。在正常 GFR 组中，男性蛋白尿（>或=1+蛋白尿）的总体患病率为 0.6%，而女性为 1.8%。年龄、LDL 胆固醇、高血压、血糖和 BMI 显示为低 GFR 的强危险因素。教育水平与低 GFR 无显著相关性。
研究结果坚持认为，CKD 的患病率在老年、女性、高血压患者和未控制的糖尿病患者中显著更高。我们降低 ESRD 发病率的能力取决于识别患有 CKD 的患者并实施所有预防策略。
