Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Feb 27;14:1115833. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1115833. eCollection 2023.
Kidney dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Herein, we aimed to describe the attributable burden of kidney dysfunction at the national and sub-national levels in Iran.
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were extracted on the deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability attributed to the risk factor of kidney dysfunction by age and sex at the national and provincial levels from 1990-2019. Also, risk exposure was reported by summary exposure value (SEV) with a range of 0 to 100. The estimated values were based on a comparative risk assessment framework.
In 2019, the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALYs rate attributable to kidney dysfunction were 58.2 (95% uncertainty interval of 48.8-68.1) and 1127.2 (981.1-1282.7) per 100,000 population in Iran, respectively. Also, the Sistan and Baluchistan province (1729.3 [1478.3-2006.4]) and the province of Tehran (681.9 [571.4-809.8]) had the greatest and lowest age-standardized DALYs rates, respectively. Nationally, SEVs increased from 22.8 to 26.2. The age-standardized burden attributable to kidney dysfunction had a positive association with age advancement. The attributable age-standardized deaths and DALYs rates in all socio-demographic index regions decreased from 1990-2019. Also, the highest and lowest attributable age-standardized DALYs rates of kidney dysfunction came from ischemic heart disease and peripheral artery disease in 2019, respectively.
Although the attributed age-standardized DALYs and death rates decreased from 1990-2019, risk exposure increased and remains a crucial risk factor in Iran. Therefore, policymakers should consider preparing a preventive program that takes into account different levels of prevention of kidney dysfunction.
肾功能障碍是心血管疾病和慢性肾脏病的一个风险因素。在此，我们旨在描述 1990 年至 2019 年期间伊朗全国和省级层面肾功能障碍的归因负担。
从全国和省级层面提取 2019 年全球疾病负担（GBD）数据，包括年龄和性别相关的肾功能障碍风险因素导致的死亡人数、残疾调整生命年（DALYs）、生命损失年和残疾生存年。此外，还通过范围在 0 到 100 的综合暴露值（SEV）报告风险暴露情况。估计值是基于比较风险评估框架。
2019 年，伊朗的年龄标准化死亡率和年龄标准化 DALYs 率归因于肾功能障碍的分别为每 10 万人 58.2（95%置信区间 48.8-68.1）和 1127.2（981.1-1282.7）。此外，锡斯坦和俾路支省（1729.3 [1478.3-2006.4]）和德黑兰省（681.9 [571.4-809.8]）的年龄标准化 DALYs 率最高和最低。在全国范围内，SEV 从 22.8 增加到 26.2。归因于肾功能障碍的年龄标准化负担与年龄增长呈正相关。所有社会人口指数地区的归因年龄标准化死亡人数和 DALYs 率从 1990 年至 2019 年下降。此外，2019 年，缺血性心脏病和外周动脉疾病导致的归因年龄标准化 DALYs 率最高和最低。
尽管 1990 年至 2019 年归因年龄标准化 DALYs 和死亡率有所下降，但风险暴露增加，仍是伊朗的一个重要风险因素。因此，决策者应考虑制定一个预防计划，考虑到不同层面的肾功能障碍预防。
