Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Prev Vet Med. 2010 Apr 1;94(1-2):18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.12.006. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
The Finnish Healthy Hooves Project was set up to determine the frequency of, and risk factors for, various hoof lesions in Finnish dairy herds. Data were collected in 2003 and 2004. A large data set of >74,000 cow-level observations recorded by hoof-trimmers were merged with production data from the Finnish Agricultural Data Processing Centre Ltd. Ultimately, data from a single lactation from each of 16,727 cows in 703 herds were used for analyses of white-line disease (WLD) and haemorrhages-lesions. Three-level hierarchical logistic models with hoof-trimmer and farms (within hoof-trimmer) as random-effects were fit to datasets of tie-stall (TS) and loose-housing (LH) herds separately. Cows examined once had a WLD risk of 4.8% in TS herds and 17% in LH herds. As the number of examinations increased, the odds of a WLD diagnosis increased substantially; (2 and 3+ examinations had odds ratios (ORs) of 2.57 and 3.40 in TS herds and 2.32 and 4.67 in LH herds, respectively, compared to 1 examination). Parity had an interaction with breed in all models in TS and in the LH haemorrhages model, but not in WLD LH models. In TS herds, older Holstein cows had a very high risk of WLD compared to young Ayrshire cows (OR=7.92). Also in LH herds both breed and parity had association with WLD (Holstein cows were 1.57 times more likely than Ayrshire cows and cows in parity >or=4 were more likely (OR=2.89) than parity 1 to get WLD). In TS herds, other hoof lesions - such as haemorrhages (OR=1.65), heel-horn erosions (OR=1.77), and corkscrew claw (OR=1.82) - increased the risk of WLD. In LH herds, corkscrew claw (OR=1.59) and heel-horn erosion (OR=0.72) had a significant association with WLD. In TS herds, use of mats (compared to hard flooring) significantly reduced the risk of WLD and haemorrhages (OR=0.57 and OR=0.80, respectively). No significant associations of the 305-day milk production on the risk of either disease were observed in either TS or LH herds (305-day milk yield from each cows' previous lactation were used for calculations, with herd average yield and the individual cow's deviation from the herd average being used as predictors).
芬兰健康蹄部项目旨在确定芬兰奶牛群中各种蹄部病变的频率和风险因素。数据收集于 2003 年和 2004 年。对蹄部修剪者记录的超过 74000 头奶牛级别的大量数据进行了合并，并与芬兰农业数据处理中心有限公司的生产数据合并。最终，从 703 个牧场的 16727 头奶牛的每一头奶牛的单个泌乳期中使用了白线病（WLD）和出血病变的数据。分别对拴系（TS）和自由放养（LH）牛群的三水平分层逻辑模型进行了拟合，将蹄部修剪者和农场（蹄部修剪者内）作为随机效应。在 TS 牛群中，接受过一次检查的奶牛发生 WLD 的风险为 4.8%，在 LH 牛群中为 17%。随着检查次数的增加，WLD 诊断的几率显著增加；（在 TS 牛群中，检查 2 次和 3 次及以上的比值比（OR）分别为 2.57 和 3.40，而 LH 牛群中分别为 2.32 和 4.67，而检查 1 次的 OR 为 1）。在所有的 TS 模型和 LH 出血模型中，胎次与品种之间存在交互作用，但在 WLD LH 模型中没有。在 TS 牛群中，与年轻的爱尔夏牛相比，较老的荷斯坦牛发生 WLD 的风险非常高（OR=7.92）。在 LH 牛群中，品种和胎次也与 WLD 有关（荷斯坦牛比爱尔夏牛更容易发生 WLD，OR=1.57，胎次>或=4 的牛比胎次 1 的牛更容易发生 WLD，OR=2.89）。在 TS 牛群中，其他蹄部病变，如出血（OR=1.65）、蹄踵角侵蚀（OR=1.77）和螺旋爪（OR=1.82），增加了 WLD 的风险。在 LH 牛群中，螺旋爪（OR=1.59）和蹄踵角侵蚀（OR=0.72）与 WLD 有显著的关联。在 TS 牛群中，使用垫料（与硬地板相比）可显著降低 WLD 和出血的风险（OR=0.57 和 OR=0.80）。在 TS 或 LH 牛群中，均未观察到 305 天产奶量与任何一种疾病风险之间的显著关联（使用每头奶牛前一泌乳期的产奶量进行计算，使用牛群平均产奶量和个体奶牛与牛群平均产奶量的偏差作为预测因子）。
