Viscosupplementation is defined as the use of intra-articular hyaluronan therapy for symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). Originally used for the treatment of ophthalmic disorders, viscosupplementation has been available for over a decade in the United States for the treatment of pain secondary to OA of the knee in patients who have not responded adequately to conservative oral pharmaceuticals including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and simple analgesics. The majority of patients with symptomatic knee OA will have evidence of meniscal and/or articular surface pathology, and most orthopaedic surgeons include arthroscopic surgery as a possible treatment modality for the symptomatic patient. Although arthroscopic meniscectomy is the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedure in the United States, in patients with concomitant OA, disease-related pain can persist after arthroscopic surgery. This article reviews some of the more recent evidence recommending the use of viscosupplementation for the management of symptomatic knee OA and pain relief after arthroscopy.