Cusimano Elizabeth M, Knight Amanda R, Slusser Joyce G, Clancy Richard L, Pierce Janet D
School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA.
Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2009 Jan-Mar;31(1):54-62. doi: 10.1097/TME.0b013e3181956200.
There are many organelles within a cell, each with individual responsibilities required for life. Of these organelles, the mitochondria are the hemi of the cell, producing the energy necessary for cell function. Reactive oxygen species can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and contribute to many diseases often seen in emergency departments. When reactive oxygen species are produced, the mitochondria undergo functional and structural changes causing the release of cytochrome c. Cytochrome c is responsible for activating apoptotic pathways leading to cell death. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is needed to maintain homeostasis in the body; however, when this occurs prematurely by an increase in reactive oxygen species production, many pathological conditions can occur. Clinicians in emergency departments caring for patients with different diseases should consider that the mitochondria may play an important role in patients' recovery. For instance, myocardial infarctions and burns are two examples of altered physiologic states that play a role in mitochondrial dysfunction. Awareness of the different treatments that target the mitochondria will prepare emergency department clinicians to better care for their patients.
细胞内有许多细胞器，每个细胞器都承担着生命所需的特定职责。在这些细胞器中，线粒体是细胞的“动力源”，产生细胞功能所需的能量。活性氧会导致线粒体功能障碍，并引发许多急诊科常见的疾病。当产生活性氧时，线粒体的功能和结构会发生变化，导致细胞色素c释放。细胞色素c负责激活导致细胞死亡的凋亡途径。凋亡，即程序性细胞死亡，是维持体内稳态所必需的；然而，当活性氧产生增加导致其过早发生时，就会出现许多病理状况。急诊科照顾不同疾病患者的临床医生应考虑到线粒体可能在患者康复中发挥重要作用。例如，心肌梗死和烧伤是生理状态改变导致线粒体功能障碍的两个例子。了解针对线粒体的不同治疗方法将使急诊科临床医生更好地为患者提供护理。
