Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
Mycologia. 2010 Jan-Feb;102(1):185-210. doi: 10.3852/09-043.
The phylogenetic relationships within Coronophorales have been debated because of uncertainty over the taxonomic usefulness of characteristics such as quellkörper, number of ascospores per ascus, presence of ascospore appendages, presence of subiculum and ascomatal vestiture. The phylogenetic relationships are examined with DNA sequence data from three nuclear genes targeting 69 taxa and 130 new sequences representing collections from Africa and the Americas. Analyses recovered monophyletic Bertiaceae, Chaetosphaerellaceae and Scortechiniaceae and a paraphyletic Nitschkiaceae. A single collection of Coronophora gregaria is included and Coronophoraceae is accepted. Bertiaceae is expanded to include Gaillardiella, and Thaxteria is synonymized with Bertia with a new combination, B. didyma. Three new species of Bertia are described: B. ngongensis from Kenya, B. orbis from Kenya and Costa Rica and B. triseptata from Ecuador and Puerto Rico. Bertia gigantospora is transferred from Nitschkia. Scortechiniaceae is confirmed for the quellkörper-bearing taxa including monotypic Biciliospora, Coronophorella, Neofracchiaea, Scortechiniella and Scortechiniellopsis. Tympanopsis is reinstated for T. confertula and T. uniseriata, while Scortechinia is more narrowly circumscribed to include S. acanthostroma and the new species, S. diminuspora from Ecuador. Cryptosphaerella is accepted in Scortechiniaceae including six new species from Kenya and Costa Rica, C. celata, C. costaricensis, C. cylindriformis, C. elliptica, C. globosa and C. malindensis. Spinulosphaeria is accepted in Coronophorales with uncertain family placement. The number of ascospores in the ascus is not phylogenetically useful in distinguishing genera within the order. The quellkörper continues to be an important character in defining the Scortechiniaceae, while taxa within the group show a mixture of morphological characteristics of varying phylogenetic importance. The presence of smooth versus spinulose subiculum aids in separating Tympanopsis and Scortechinia, and erumpent ascomata distinguish Cryptosphaerella species. Taxa within the Bertiaceae vary along the lines of robust, tuberculate, collapsing ascomata and large, hyaline to pigmented, septate ascospores.
冠芒孢目内的系统发育关系一直存在争议，因为 quellkörper、每个子囊中的子囊孢子数量、子囊孢子附属物的存在、subiculum 的存在以及子囊果被盖的特征在分类学上的有用性存在不确定性。通过来自三个核基因的 DNA 序列数据，对来自非洲和美洲的 69 个分类群和 130 个新序列进行了系统发育关系分析。分析结果显示 Bertiaceae、Chaetosphaerellaceae 和 Scortechiniaceae 为单系，而 Nitschkiaceae 为并系。包含单个 Coronophora gregaria 标本，接受 Coronophoraceae。Bertiaceae 扩展到包括 Gaillardiella，将 Thaxteria 作为 Bertia 的同义词，并创建了一个新的组合，B. didyma。描述了 Bertia 的三个新种：来自肯尼亚的 B. ngongensis、来自肯尼亚和哥斯达黎加的 B. orbis 以及来自厄瓜多尔和波多黎各的 B. triseptata。将 Bertia gigantospora 从 Nitschkia 转移过来。Scortechiniaceae 被确认为包括单种 Biciliospora、Coronophorella、Neofracchiaea、Scortechiniella 和 Scortechiniellopsis 在内的具有 quellkörper 的分类群。Tympanopsis 被恢复用于 T. confertula 和 T. uniseriata，而 Scortechinia 的范围更窄，仅包括 S. acanthostroma 和新种 S. diminuspora，来自厄瓜多尔。Cryptosphaerella 在 Scortechiniaceae 中被接受，包括来自肯尼亚和哥斯达黎加的六个新种，C. celata、C. costaricensis、C. cylindriformis、C. elliptica、C. globosa 和 C. malindensis。Spinulosphaeria 在 Coronophorales 中被接受，但其家族位置不确定。子囊中的子囊孢子数量在区分目内属时没有系统发育意义。quellkörper 仍然是定义 Scortechiniaceae 的重要特征，而该组内的分类群表现出不同的形态特征，这些特征在系统发育上具有不同的重要性。光滑与具刺 subiculum 的存在有助于区分 Tympanopsis 和 Scortechinia，而膨出的子囊果有助于区分 Cryptosphaerella 种。Bertiaceae 内的分类群沿着坚固、有结节、塌陷的子囊果和大型、透明到有色、有隔的子囊孢子的方向变化。
