Huhndorf Sabine M, Miller Andrew N, Greif Matthew, Samuels Gary J
Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
Mycologia. 2009 Nov-Dec;101(6):904-19. doi: 10.3852/08-213.
Amplistroma is described as a new genus for A. carolinianum, A. diminutisporum, A. guianense, A. hallingii, A. ravum, A. tartareum and A. xylarioides. Species of Amplistroma are distinguished by large stromata of textura intricata with polystichous ascomata and long necks that are either erumpent from the stromatal surface or form bumps or protuberances. The type collection of Ceratostoma sphaerospermum was examined and found to be synonymous with Wallrothiella congregata. The distribution of W. congregata is expanded by collections from Costa Rica, the eastern United States and Puerto Rico. Wallrothiella congregata has ascomata that are long-necked and develop individually or are gregarious on the substrate but do not form large stromata. Amplistroma and Wallrothiella are distinguished by small asci with eight, minute, globose ascospores. An acrodontium-like anamorph occurs in both genera. Phylogenetic analyses of 28S large-subunit rDNA sequences group these taxa in a well supported clade distinct from known orders within the Sordariomycetidae but showing unsupported relationships with the Chaetosphaeriales and the Magnaporthaceae. Family Amplistromataceae is described for this clade and placed within the Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis.
Amplistroma被描述为一个新属，包含卡罗莱纳Amplistroma、微小孢子Amplistroma、圭亚那Amplistroma、哈林氏Amplistroma、粗糙Amplistroma、酒石色Amplistroma和木层孔菌状Amplistroma。Amplistroma属的物种特征为具复杂结构的大型子座，有多列子囊壳，颈部较长，要么从子座表面突破而出，要么形成瘤或突起。对球孢角状菌（Ceratostoma sphaerospermum）的模式标本进行了检查，发现它与聚集瓦罗菌（Wallrothiella congregata）同义。通过来自哥斯达黎加、美国东部和波多黎各的采集，扩大了聚集瓦罗菌的分布范围。聚集瓦罗菌具有长颈子囊壳，单个或成群地在基质上发育，但不形成大型子座。Amplistroma和瓦罗菌属的区别在于其小型子囊，每个子囊中有八个微小的球形子囊孢子。两个属中都出现了类似顶孢霉的无性型。对28S大亚基rDNA序列的系统发育分析将这些分类群归为一个得到充分支持的分支，该分支与肉座菌科内已知的目不同，但与毛球壳目和Magnaporthaceae科的关系未得到支持。为此分支描述了Amplistromataceae科，并将其置于肉座菌科未定地位。
