Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Addiction. 2010 Jun;105(6):954-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02779.x. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
Brief intervention (BI) is intended as an early intervention for non-treatment-seeking, non-alcohol-dependent, hazardous and harmful drinkers. This text provides a brief summary of key BI research findings from the last three decades and discusses a number of knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Five areas are described: patient intervention efficacy and effectiveness; barriers to BI implementation by health professionals; individual-level factors that impact on BI implementation; organization-level factors that impact on BI implementation; and society-level factors that impact on BI implementation. BI research has focused largely upon the individual patient and health professional levels, with the main focus upon primary health care research, and studies are lacking in other settings. However, research must, to a larger degree, take into account the organizational and wider context in which BI occurs, as well as interaction between factors at different levels, in order to advance the understanding of how wider implementation of BI can be achieved in various settings and how different population groups can be reached. It is also important to expand BI research beyond its current parameters to investigate more ambitious long-term educational programmes and new organizational models. More widespread implementation of BI will require many different interventions (efforts, actions, initiatives, etc.) at different interlinked levels, from implementation interventions targeting individual health professionals' knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours concerning alcohol issues, BI and behaviour change counselling to efforts at the organizational and societal levels that influence the conditions for delivering BI as part of routine health care.
简短干预（BI）旨在为非治疗寻求、非酒精依赖、危险和有害饮酒者提供早期干预。本文简要总结了过去三十年中 BI 研究的关键发现，并讨论了一些需要解决的知识差距。描述了五个领域：患者干预的疗效和效果；卫生专业人员实施 BI 的障碍；影响 BI 实施的个体层面因素；影响 BI 实施的组织层面因素；以及影响 BI 实施的社会层面因素。BI 研究主要集中在个体患者和卫生专业人员层面，主要关注于初级保健研究，而在其他环境中缺乏研究。然而，研究必须在更大程度上考虑到 BI 发生的组织和更广泛的背景，以及不同层次之间的因素相互作用，以便更好地了解如何在不同环境中更广泛地实施 BI，以及如何接触不同的人群。将 BI 研究扩展到其当前参数之外，以调查更具野心的长期教育计划和新的组织模式也很重要。BI 的更广泛实施将需要在不同的相互关联的层次上实施许多不同的干预措施（努力、行动、举措等），从针对个别卫生专业人员关于酒精问题、BI 和行为改变咨询的知识、技能、态度和行为的实施干预，到影响提供 BI 作为常规保健一部分的条件的组织和社会层面的努力。
