Thoulouzan M, Courtade-Saidi M, Kamar N, Bellec L, Huyghe E, Soulié M, Plante P
Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale, CHU de Rangueil, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Prog Urol. 2010 Jan;20(1):11-6. doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2009.09.031. Epub 2009 Nov 5.
JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) are human Polyomaviruses of the papovavirus family, which also includes a simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). Human Polyomaviruses were first isolated in 1971 from the brain (JCV) and urine (BKV) of two different patients. Human Polyomaviruses have a limited and specific tissue tropism infecting the renal tubular cells, the urothelium, the B cells and the brain cells. The virus infects the majority of the human population with seroconversion occurring during adolescence. The detection of the virus may be cytological, pathological, virological or immunological. Following a typically subclinical primary infection, Polyomavirus establishes a life-long persistent infection, especially in the urinary tract. BKV is known to reactivate and cause severe disease in immunosuppressed patients. The presence of Polyomavirus outside conditions of immunosuppression raises the question of its meaning and its therapeutic management. Given the ubiquitous nature of the virus and its strong association with cancer in animal models, they may play an etiological role in human malignancies. Here, we describe the biology of human Polyomaviruses, review their non-malignant and malignant potentials, and discuss the therapeutic aspect.
JC病毒（JCV）和BK病毒（BKV）是乳头多瘤空泡病毒科的人类多瘤病毒，该科还包括猴空泡病毒40（SV40）。人类多瘤病毒于1971年首次从两名不同患者的大脑（JCV）和尿液（BKV）中分离出来。人类多瘤病毒具有有限且特定的组织嗜性，可感染肾小管细胞、尿路上皮、B细胞和脑细胞。该病毒感染大多数人群，血清转化在青春期发生。病毒的检测可以是细胞学、病理学、病毒学或免疫学的。在典型的亚临床原发性感染后，多瘤病毒会建立终身持续性感染，尤其是在泌尿道。已知BKV会在免疫抑制患者中重新激活并导致严重疾病。在免疫抑制以外的情况下多瘤病毒的存在引发了其意义及其治疗管理的问题。鉴于该病毒的普遍存在及其在动物模型中与癌症的强烈关联，它们可能在人类恶性肿瘤中起病因学作用。在此，我们描述人类多瘤病毒的生物学特性，综述它们的非恶性和恶性潜能，并讨论治疗方面的问题。
