Department of Clinical Cardiology, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2010;65(1):99-106. doi: 10.1590/S1807-59322010000100015.
Heart disease is the first killer of women in the modern era, regardless of age, race and of ethnicity, although its prevalence rises after menopause. Modern women have professional and housewife responsibilities, consume excess of fat and carbohydrates, smoke, do not exercise regularly and do not have enough time to rest. This situation leads to overweight, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Women do not often participate in preventive studies and still undergo less intensive and invasive evaluation and treatment for chest pain when compared to men. However, the rate of coronary death is twice higher in women than in men after myocardial infarction and revascularization procedures. The objective of this review is to analyze the main gender differences regarding symptoms, diagnosis, management and prognosis of coronary heart disease and to discuss the influence of hormonal replacement therapy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.
在现代社会，无论年龄、种族和民族如何，心脏病都是女性的第一大杀手，尽管其发病率在绝经后会上升。现代女性承担着职业和家庭主妇的双重责任，摄入过多的脂肪和碳水化合物，吸烟，不经常锻炼，也没有足够的休息时间。这种情况会导致超重、血脂异常、动脉高血压、糖耐量受损和糖尿病。女性通常不参与预防性研究，与男性相比，在胸痛方面接受的评估和治疗也不够深入和有创。然而，在心肌梗死和血运重建手术后，女性的冠状动脉死亡率是男性的两倍。本综述的目的是分析冠心病在症状、诊断、管理和预后方面的主要性别差异，并讨论激素替代疗法对绝经后女性预防心血管疾病的影响。
