He Xianli, Ren Junping, Xu Fangling, Ferguson Monique R, Li Guangyu
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2009 Nov 15;3(2):156-61.
West Nile virus (WNV) can cause encephalitis or meningitis that affects brain tissue, which can also lead to permanent neurological damage that can be fatal. To our knowledge, no consistent double immunohistochemical staining of neurons, neuroglia cells, and WNV has yet been reported. To establish a method for performing double-label immunohistochemical detection of neurons, neuroglia cells and WNV, examining the pathological characteristics of WNV-infected neurons, neuroglia cells, and investigating distribution of WNV in monkey brain, paraffin-embedded monkey brain tissue were retrospectively studied by immunohistochemical staining of neurons, neuroglia cells and WNV. Antibodies against neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and WNV were used to develop the method of double-label immunohistochemical staining, which allowed independent assessment of neuron status and WNV distribution. A range of immunohistochemical WNV infection in monkey brain was observed in both neurons and neuroglia cells in terms of the thickness of lesion staining, and the WNV staining was slightly higher in neuroglia cells than in neurons. All these findings suggest that WNV invasion in the brain plays a crucial role in neurological damage by inducing central nervous system (CNS) cell dysfunction or cell death directly.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）可引发影响脑组织的脑炎或脑膜炎，这也可能导致永久性神经损伤，甚至可能致命。据我们所知，尚未有关于神经元、神经胶质细胞和WNV一致的双重免疫组织化学染色的报道。为建立一种对神经元、神经胶质细胞和WNV进行双重标记免疫组织化学检测的方法，研究WNV感染的神经元、神经胶质细胞的病理特征，并探究WNV在猴脑中的分布情况，我们通过对神经元、神经胶质细胞和WNV进行免疫组织化学染色，对石蜡包埋的猴脑组织进行了回顾性研究。使用针对神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和WNV的抗体开发了双重标记免疫组织化学染色方法，该方法能够独立评估神经元状态和WNV分布。从病变染色厚度来看，在猴脑的神经元和神经胶质细胞中均观察到了一系列免疫组织化学WNV感染情况，且WNV在神经胶质细胞中的染色略高于神经元。所有这些发现表明，WNV侵入大脑通过直接诱导中枢神经系统（CNS）细胞功能障碍或细胞死亡，在神经损伤中起关键作用。
