Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-3100, USA.
Am J Hum Biol. 2010 Jul-Aug;22(4):497-507. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21027.
The effectiveness of people walking while carrying burdens and/or on gradients has been of interest to anthropologists for some time. No empirical equation exists, however, to assess the energetic expenditure of individuals traveling downhill with burdens and whether or not all people increase their energetic expenditure over unburdened level travel when carrying relatively light burdens (<20% of body mass) remains unclear. To begin to rectify this lacunae, gait parameters, physiological variables, and the energetic expenditure of 11 adults were assessed as they walked with burdens of 5 and 10 kg on a level treadmill and while they walked unburdened on gradients +/-8 and +/-16%. These data were then compared to predictive equations and data available from the literature. Velocity and body mass were combined with gradient and burden mass, where appropriate, as independent covariates to create predictive equations, which explained >80% of the variation in energetic expenditure. These new equations are appropriate for predicting energetic expenditure in people carrying burdens of <20% of total body mass or walking up and downhill at gradients of <20%.
人们在负重和/或爬坡时行走的效果一直是人类学家感兴趣的话题。然而，目前还没有经验公式来评估负重下坡的个体的能量消耗，以及当携带相对较轻的负荷（<20%的体重）时，是否所有人的能量消耗都会超过无负荷水平行走时的水平，这一点仍不清楚。为了开始纠正这一空白，当 11 名成年人在水平跑步机上背负 5 公斤和 10 公斤的负荷以及在坡度为 +/-8 和 +/-16%的斜坡上无负荷行走时，评估了他们的步态参数、生理变量和能量消耗。然后将这些数据与预测方程和文献中可用的数据进行比较。速度和体重与坡度和负荷质量相结合（在适当的情况下）作为独立协变量来创建预测方程，这些方程解释了能量消耗变化的>80%。这些新方程适用于预测携带<20%体重的负荷或在坡度<20%的上下坡行走时的能量消耗。
