University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Aging Health. 2010 Mar;22(2):154-68. doi: 10.1177/0898264309353066.
To determine the prevalence of olfactory impairment and its associations with neurodegenerative and other conditions in older adults.
1,636 participants (>/=60 years) enrolled in the Blue Mountains Eye Study (2002-2004) were analyzed. Olfaction was assessed by the San Diego Odor Identification Test and used to classify mild impairment (4 or 5), moderate impairment (</=3), or any impairment (<6).
Prevalent olfactory impairment was 27.0%. After multivariate adjustment, the likelihood increased twofold with each decade of life after 60 years and was higher in men than women. Olfactory impairment and body mass index (BMI) were inversely associated. Persons with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment had an increased likelihood of mild and moderate olfactory impairment.
Over one in four older persons had olfactory impairment. The prevalence was higher in men, increased with age and decreasing BMI, and was higher among persons with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment.
确定嗅觉障碍在老年人中的流行程度及其与神经退行性疾病和其他疾病的关联。
对参加 2002-2004 年蓝山眼研究的 1636 名（>=60 岁）参与者进行分析。嗅觉通过圣地亚哥嗅觉识别测试进行评估，并用于分类轻度障碍（4 或 5）、中度障碍（<=3）或任何障碍（<6）。
嗅觉障碍的现患率为 27.0%。经过多变量调整后，60 岁以后每增加十年，发生几率增加一倍，且男性高于女性。嗅觉障碍与体重指数（BMI）呈负相关。帕金森病和认知障碍患者发生轻度和中度嗅觉障碍的可能性增加。
超过四分之一的老年人存在嗅觉障碍。男性中患病率较高，随年龄增长和 BMI 降低而增加，且在帕金森病和认知障碍患者中更高。
