Department of Paediatrics, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Pediatr. 2010 Aug;169(8):911-7. doi: 10.1007/s00431-010-1141-7. Epub 2010 Feb 5.
The increase in allergic disease prevalence has led to heightened interest in the factors determining allergy risk, fueled by the hope that by influencing these factors one could reduce the prevalence of allergic conditions. The most important modifiable risk factors for allergy are maternal smoking behaviour and the type of feeding. A smoke-free environment for the child (to be), exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months and the postponement of supplementary feeding (solids) until 4 months of age are the main measures considered effective. There is no place for restricted diets during pregnancy or lactation. Although meta-analyses suggest that hypoallergenic formula after weaning from breastfeeding grants protection against the development of allergic disease, the evidence is limited and weak. Moreover, all current feeding measures aiming at allergy prevention fail to show effects on allergic manifestations later in life, such as asthma. In conclusion, the allergy preventive effect of dietary interventions in infancy is limited. Counselling of future parents on allergy prevention should pay attention to these limitations.
过敏疾病患病率的增加使得人们对决定过敏风险的因素产生了浓厚的兴趣，希望通过影响这些因素，能够降低过敏疾病的患病率。过敏最重要的可改变危险因素是母亲的吸烟行为和喂养方式。为孩子（即将出生的孩子）提供一个无烟环境、4-6 个月的纯母乳喂养以及推迟到 4 个月龄才开始添加补充食物（固体食物），是被认为最有效的主要措施。在怀孕期间或哺乳期不提倡限制饮食。尽管荟萃分析表明，在母乳喂养后使用低变应原配方可以预防过敏疾病的发生，但证据有限且薄弱。此外，所有目前旨在预防过敏的喂养措施都未能显示出对生命后期（如哮喘）过敏表现的影响。总之，在婴儿期饮食干预对预防过敏的效果是有限的。在对未来父母进行过敏预防咨询时，应注意到这些局限性。
