Wennergren Göran
Department of Paediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jul;98(7):1085-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01342.x. Epub 2009 May 8.
For many years, the advice to prevent food allergy was to postpone the introduction of allergens like egg, fish and peanut. However, elimination of food allergens during pregnancy and infancy failed to prevent food allergy. Instead, several studies indicate that early introduction of food like fish and peanuts may be beneficial. The most compelling illustration of this has been presented for peanuts. The prevalence of peanut allergy is lower in children in Israel than in the UK, despite introduction of peanut during infancy in Israel. Other studies have reported that early introduction of fish reduced the risk of allergic sensitization and allergic diseases like eczema.
Early introduction rather than avoidance may be a better strategy for the prevention of food allergy. The mechanism may be that early introduction of food allergens during infancy might induce tolerance, thereby preventing the development of allergy.
多年来，预防食物过敏的建议是推迟引入如鸡蛋、鱼类和花生等过敏原。然而，孕期和婴儿期消除食物过敏原并未能预防食物过敏。相反，多项研究表明，早期引入鱼类和花生等食物可能有益。关于花生的情况给出了最有说服力的例证。尽管以色列在婴儿期就引入了花生，但以色列儿童花生过敏的患病率低于英国。其他研究报告称，早期引入鱼类可降低过敏致敏风险以及湿疹等过敏性疾病的风险。
早期引入而非避免可能是预防食物过敏的更好策略。其机制可能是婴儿期早期引入食物过敏原可能诱导耐受性，从而预防过敏的发生。
