Agostoni Carlo, Braegger Christian, Decsi Tamas, Kolacek Sanja, Koletzko Berthold, Michaelsen Kim Fleischer, Mihatsch Walter, Moreno Luis A, Puntis John, Shamir Raanan, Szajewska Hania, Turck Dominique, van Goudoever Johannes
San Paolo Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jul;49(1):112-25. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819f1e05.
This medical position article by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition summarises the current status of breast-feeding practice, the present knowledge on the composition of human milk, advisable duration of exclusive and partial breast-feeding, growth of the breast-fed infant, health benefits associated with breast-feeding, nutritional supplementation for breast-fed infants, and contraindications to breast-feeding. This article emphasises the important role of paediatricians in the implementation of health policies devised to promote breast-feeding.The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition recognises breast-feeding as the natural and advisable way of supporting the healthy growth and development of young children. This article delineates the health benefits of breast-feeding, reduced risk of infectious diarrhoea and acute otitis media being the best documented. Exclusive breast-feeding for around 6 months is a desirable goal, but partial breast-feeding as well as breast-feeding for shorter periods of time are also valuable. Continuation of breast-feeding after the introduction of complementary feeding is encouraged as long as mutually desired by mother and child.The role of health care workers, including paediatricians, is to protect, promote, and support breast-feeding. Health care workers should be trained in breast-feeding issues and counselling, and they should encourage practices that do not undermine breast-feeding. Societal standards and legal regulations that facilitate breast-feeding should be promoted, such as providing maternity leave for at least 6 months and protecting working mothers.
欧洲儿科胃肠病、肝病和营养学会的这篇医学立场文章总结了母乳喂养实践的现状、关于母乳成分的现有知识、纯母乳喂养和部分母乳喂养的建议持续时间、母乳喂养婴儿的生长情况、母乳喂养的健康益处、母乳喂养婴儿的营养补充以及母乳喂养的禁忌症。本文强调了儿科医生在实施旨在促进母乳喂养的卫生政策方面的重要作用。欧洲儿科胃肠病、肝病和营养学会营养委员会认为母乳喂养是支持幼儿健康生长发育的自然且可取的方式。本文阐述了母乳喂养的健康益处，其中感染性腹泻和急性中耳炎风险降低是有充分文献记载的。纯母乳喂养约6个月是一个理想目标，但部分母乳喂养以及较短时间的母乳喂养也有价值。只要母婴双方都愿意，鼓励在引入辅食后继续母乳喂养。包括儿科医生在内的医护人员的作用是保护、促进和支持母乳喂养。医护人员应接受母乳喂养问题及咨询方面的培训，并且应鼓励不破坏母乳喂养的做法。应推广有利于母乳喂养的社会标准和法律法规，例如提供至少6个月的产假并保护职业母亲。
