Chen Wen, Liu Juan, Lu Yan-hua, Hu Yi-zhen, Lu Yun-xia, You Chun-jing
Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;45(9):776-80.
To determine and compare the prevalence and causes of visual disability in urban and rural areas of Hubei province.
A cross-sectional study. From April 1 to May 31 in 2006, based on a stratified, multi-stage, cluster-sampling strategy, 31 counties (cities, districts), 124 townships (towns, streets), altogether 248 investigation districts, 101 674 sample individuals from Hubei province were selected to conduct inquiry registration, screening and visual disability evaluation. The revised 'Criteria of Disability' formulated by the specialist committee of the 2nd National Sample Survey of Disability was applied. The diagnosis and grading of visual disability were based on history of illness and vision function examination. The etiology diagnosis was made according to the causes of disability and the causing diseases. Chi-square test was used to investigate differences due to gender, age, and areas (urban and rural).
The overall prevalence rate of visual disability in Hubei province is 1.40% (95%CI: 1.33% - 1.47%). The rate is 0.93% (95%CI: 0.88% - 0.98%) for urban areas and 1.62% (95%CI: 1.24% - 2.00%) for rural areas. Rural areas have a higher rate than urban ones and the difference is statistically significant (chi(2) = 68.2410, P < 0.0001). The rate increases with age in both urban and rural areas. In age groups older than 10, the prevalence rate in rural areas is higher than urban areas, and the difference becomes significant (chi(2) = 33.6569, P < 0.0001) for age groups 30-80. Females have a higher rate (1.63%) than males (1.18%) (chi(2) = 37.8386, P < 0.0001). The main eye diseases causing visual disability in urban areas are cataract (53.77%), retinopathy and choroidopathy (10.82%), ametropia (7.87%), glaucoma (6.23%) and hereditary/congenital diseases and developmental disorders (5.90%). The main causing diseases in rural areas are cataract (48.61%), corneal diseases (14.17%), glaucoma (6.91%), retinopathy and choroidopathy (6.19%) and hereditary/congenital diseases and developmental disorders (5.20%).
The rural areas have a higher prevalence rate of visual disability than urban areas in Hubei province. Cataract is the leading cause of visual disability. We should continue the work of prevention and cure of visual disability, the primary work being cataract surgery. More stress should be placed on the prevention and cure effort in rural areas and for females and elderly people.
确定并比较湖北省城乡地区视力残疾的患病率及病因。
一项横断面研究。2006年4月1日至5月31日，基于分层、多阶段、整群抽样策略，选取湖北省31个县（市、区）、124个乡（镇、街道），共248个调查区的101674名样本个体进行询问登记、筛查及视力残疾评估。采用第二次全国残疾人抽样调查专家委员会制定的修订版《残疾标准》。视力残疾的诊断及分级依据病史和视力功能检查。病因诊断根据致残原因及致病疾病做出。采用卡方检验研究性别、年龄及地区（城乡）差异。
湖北省视力残疾总体患病率为1.40%（95%可信区间：1.33% - 1.47%）。城区患病率为0.93%（95%可信区间：0.88% - 0.98%），农村为1.62%（95%可信区间：1.24% - 2.00%）。农村患病率高于城区，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 68.2410，P < 0.0001）。城乡患病率均随年龄增长而升高。在10岁以上年龄组中，农村患病率高于城区，在30 - 80岁年龄组差异有统计学意义（χ² = 33.6569，P < 0.0001）。女性患病率（1.63%）高于男性（1.18%）（χ² = 37.8386，P < 0.0001）。城区导致视力残疾的主要眼病为白内障（53.77%）、视网膜病和脉络膜病（10.82%）、屈光不正（7.87%）、青光眼（6.23%）以及遗传性/先天性疾病和发育障碍（5.90%）。农村的主要致病疾病为白内障（48.61%）、角膜病（14.17%）、青光眼（6.91%）、视网膜病和脉络膜病（6.19%）以及遗传性/先天性疾病和发育障碍（5.20%）。
湖北省农村地区视力残疾患病率高于城区。白内障是视力残疾的主要原因。应继续开展视力残疾防治工作，首要工作是白内障手术。应更加重视农村地区以及女性和老年人的防治工作。
