[2006年中国河南省居民视力残疾横断面研究]

Li Yin-yin, Zhu Yu, Li Zhi-gang, Chen Ping, Yan Shao-jun

Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;45(9):781-5.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the status on visual disability and the leading causes in residents in Henan Province.

METHODS

It was a cross-sectional study and a part of the National Epidemiological Study on the disability in 2006. Sample size 120 000 was assigned to Henan study by the protocol of the National epidemiological study on the disability. Stratified, equal interval, proportional probability; four-stage sampling was adopted. Survey teams were organized, and survey personnel was trained in the sampled counties and cities. Visual disabled persons were screened by home to home visit and confirmed by ophthalmologists.

RESULTS

130 415 persons in 36 923 households were studied. 1973 persons were confirmed to have the visual disability, the prevalence was 1.51%. Among them, 1376 persons just suffer from the visual disability (simple visual disability), 579 persons had multiple disability including the visual disability (multiple disability). Among them, 643 persons (0.49%) were blindness, 1330 persons (1.02%) were low vision. The age of the most of the persons with visual disability was more than 50 years old. The prevalence of the simple visual disability in male and female was 0.77% and 1.36% respectively and had significant statistical difference (chi(2) = 105.687, P < 0.01). The prevalence of the simple visual disability in urban and rural area was 0.58% and 1.15% respectively and also had significant statistical difference (chi(2) = 56.047, P < 0.01). The first five leading causes of the visual disability were cataract (54.69%), retinal and choroidal diseases (8.21%), corneal diseases (5.83%), genetic and congenital eye diseases (5.07%) and glaucoma (4.56%).

CONCLUSION

Government and health organizations should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment the visual disability in Henan province, especially the prevention and treatment of cataract, retinal and choroidal diseases, corneal diseases, genetic and congenital eye diseases and glaucoma.

目的

探讨河南省居民视力残疾状况及主要病因。

方法

本研究为横断面研究，是2006年全国残疾流行病学研究的一部分。按照全国残疾流行病学研究方案，分配给河南研究的样本量为12万。采用分层、等间隔、成比例概率的四阶段抽样方法。组建调查队伍，并在抽样的县和市对调查人员进行培训。通过逐户走访筛查视力残疾人，并由眼科医生确诊。

结果

共研究了36923户中的130415人。确诊视力残疾者1973人，患病率为1.51%。其中，单纯视力残疾者1376人，伴有视力残疾的多重残疾者579人。其中，盲人643人（0.49%），低视力1330人（1.02%）。大多数视力残疾者年龄在50岁以上。单纯视力残疾的患病率男性为0.77%，女性为1.36%，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 105.687，P < 0.01）。单纯视力残疾的患病率城市为0.58%，农村为1.15%，差异也有统计学意义（χ² = 56.047，P < 0.01）。视力残疾的前五位主要病因依次为白内障（54.69%）、视网膜及脉络膜疾病（8.21%）、角膜疾病（5.83%）、遗传性及先天性眼病（5.07%）和青光眼（4.56%）。