Cao Xiao-bin, Feng Guo-ze, Xu Jie, Pang Lin, Zhang Hong-bo, Dou Zhi, Xu Chen, Rou Ke-ming, Wu Zun-you
Division of Health Education and Behavior Intervention, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Nov;43(11):1022-5.
To understand the types of, reasons for and sources of stigma and discrimination in a rural community where the majority of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are former plasma donors (FPDs).
Eighty local residents, including 20 HIV-positive villagers, 20 family members, 20 villagers from non-HIV-positive households and 20 health workers, were selected as study subjects by using purposive sampling method in rural areas of Anhui Province. Face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were held to collect information on HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and its contributing factors.
Of the 80 study subjects, 1 didn't finish the survey. Of the 79 subjects who finished the survey, the main forms of stigma and discrimination were expanded stigma [81.0% (64/79)], abandonment and avoidance, stigma and discrimination in healthcare setting [47.4% (28/59)], loss of social support [33.3% (13/39)]. The level of stigma was less in village where were more HIV-positive villagers living and vice versa. The reasons for stigma and discrimination included: ignorance or misunderstanding of HIV/AIDS [57.5% (23/40)], fear of HIV/AIDS [32.5% (13/40)] and morality judgment toward PLHA. The majority of HIV positive participants were unwilling to disclose their positive status to others in order to protect their family members and children.
Ignorance and misunderstanding of HIV/AIDS were main contributing factors to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and it is very important to implement appropriate intervention programs to reduce stigma and discrimination.
了解在一个大多数艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLHA）为既往有偿供血者（FPDs）的农村社区中，耻辱和歧视的类型、原因及来源。
采用目的抽样法，在安徽省农村地区选取80名当地居民作为研究对象，其中包括20名艾滋病毒呈阳性的村民、20名家庭成员、20名来自非艾滋病毒阳性家庭的村民以及20名卫生工作者。通过面对面访谈和焦点小组讨论，收集与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱和歧视及其影响因素的信息。
80名研究对象中，1人未完成调查。在完成调查的79名对象中，耻辱和歧视的主要形式为扩展的耻辱感[81.0%（64/79）]、抛弃和回避、医疗环境中的耻辱和歧视[47.4%（28/59）]、社会支持丧失[33.3%（13/39）]。艾滋病毒呈阳性村民居住较多的村庄，耻辱感水平较低，反之亦然。耻辱和歧视的原因包括：对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的无知或误解[57.5%（23/40）]、对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的恐惧[32.5%（13/40）]以及对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLHA）的道德评判。大多数艾滋病毒呈阳性的参与者为保护其家庭成员和子女，不愿向他人透露自己的阳性身份。
对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的无知和误解是与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱和歧视的主要促成因素，实施适当的干预项目以减少耻辱和歧视非常重要。
