Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory, 34500 Coast Route One, Monterey, CA 93940, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 May;73(4):534-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
Regulation of waterbodies impaired due to sediment toxicity may require development of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) allocations to reduce chemicals of concern. A key step in this process is the identification of chemicals responsible for toxicity, and sediment toxicity identification evaluation procedures (TIEs) are the primary tools used to accomplish this. Several sites in San Diego Bay (CA, USA) are listed as impaired due to sediment toxicity associated with organic chemicals and metals, and due to degraded benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Sediment was collected from one of these sites, at the confluence of Switzer Creek in San Diego Harbor. The sediment was subjected to selected whole-sediment TIE treatments to evaluate the efficacy of these procedures for identifying the causes of toxicity at Switzer Creek. Toxicity was assessed using the estuarine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. The results indicated that toxicity of San Diego Bay sediment was likely partly due to mixtures of pyrethroid pesticides. These experiments showed that the effectiveness of the individual TIE procedures varied by treatment. Variability was mainly due to inconsistency between results of samples subjected to various Phase II TIE procedures, including chemical analyses of samples subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography and direct analyses of acetone extractions of carbonaceous resin. The procedures require further refinement to ensure maximum sorption and complete elution and detection of sorbed chemicals. Despite these inconsistencies, the results indicate the utility of these procedures for identifying chemicals of concern in this system.
由于沉积物毒性而受损的水体的监管可能需要制定总最大日负荷（TMDL）分配方案，以减少关注的化学物质。这个过程的一个关键步骤是确定造成毒性的化学物质，而沉积物毒性识别评估程序（TIEs）是完成这一任务的主要工具。圣地亚哥湾（美国加利福尼亚州）的几个地点因与有机化学品和金属相关的沉积物毒性以及底栖大型无脊椎动物群落退化而被列为受损。从圣地亚哥港斯威泽溪的汇流处采集了这些地点之一的沉积物。对沉积物进行了选定的全沉积物 TIE 处理，以评估这些程序在确定斯威泽溪毒性原因方面的效果。使用港湾片脚类动物 Eohaustorius estuarius 评估了毒性。结果表明，圣地亚哥湾沉积物的毒性可能部分归因于拟除虫菊酯类农药的混合物。这些实验表明，个别 TIE 程序的效果因处理而异。变异性主要归因于各种第二期 TIE 程序的样本结果之间的不一致性，包括对经受高压液相色谱分析的样本进行的化学分析和对碳质树脂的丙酮提取物进行的直接分析。这些程序需要进一步改进，以确保最大吸附和完全洗脱和检测吸附的化学物质。尽管存在这些不一致性，但结果表明这些程序在确定该系统中关注的化学物质方面具有实用性。
