Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2019 Mar;15(2):248-258. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4104. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Toxicity tests are an important aspect of sediment quality assessments, but knowledge of the cause of toxicity is needed to determine effective management actions. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods were developed to meet this need. While TIE method manuals provide information on the procedures, little information on study design is presented. The level of variability associated with performing TIEs and how to account for it is also not addressed. The goal of this study was to collect data on both the spatial and temporal variability associated with sediment TIEs by use of the amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius 10-day survival test and then apply that information to make recommendations for designing future TIE studies. Ten stations were sampled at Consolidated Slip in Los Angeles Harbor, California, with samples collected 2 months apart. In the first stage, TIEs were conducted on whole sediment and pore water from 3 of the most toxic stations. In the second stage, focused TIEs were conducted on whole sediment from all stations. Chemical analysis for metals and organic contaminants was also performed. With a weight of evidence approach, it was determined that pyrethroid pesticides were the likely cause of toxicity, with a lesser contribution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results of the individual TIEs fell into 3 broad categories: TIEs in which treatments for organic chemicals and pyrethroids were effective; TIEs in which the treatment for pyrethroids was not effective but the treatment for organic contaminants was effective; and TIEs in which the treatment for pyrethroids was effective but the treatment for organic contaminants was not. This variability was used to calculate that at least 3 TIEs were necessary to make a confident assessment of the cause of toxicity. There was not substantial temporal variability in the TIE outcomes. Other recommendations are made regarding effective TIE study design. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:248-258. © 2018 SETAC.
毒性测试是沉积物质量评估的一个重要方面，但需要了解毒性的原因，以确定有效的管理措施。毒性识别评估 (TIE) 方法就是为了满足这一需求而开发的。虽然 TIE 方法手册提供了有关程序的信息，但很少有关于研究设计的信息。也没有涉及到与执行 TIE 相关的可变性水平以及如何对其进行说明。本研究的目的是收集与使用端足目动物 Eohaustorius estuarius 10 天生存试验相关的沉积物 TIE 空间和时间变异性的数据，然后应用这些信息为设计未来的 TIE 研究提出建议。在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶港的 Consolidated Slip 处采集了 10 个站位的样本，这些样本每 2 个月采集一次。在第一阶段，对来自 3 个毒性最强的站位的整个沉积物和孔隙水中进行 TIE。在第二阶段，对所有站位的整个沉积物进行重点 TIE。还对金属和有机污染物进行了化学分析。采用证据权重方法，确定拟除虫菊酯农药是毒性的可能原因，多环芳烃 (PAHs) 的贡献较小。各个 TIE 的结果分为 3 大类：有机化学品和拟除虫菊酯处理有效的 TIE；拟除虫菊酯处理无效但有机污染物处理有效的 TIE；以及拟除虫菊酯处理有效的 TIE，但有机污染物处理无效。这种变异性用于计算至少需要 3 个 TIE 才能对毒性的原因做出有信心的评估。TIE 结果没有明显的时间变异性。还提出了关于有效 TIE 研究设计的其他建议。《综合环境评估与管理》2019 年；15:248-258。©2018 SETAC。
