Perry Jason R, Lupker Stephen J
University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Feb;72(2):528-37. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.2.528.
Bodner and Masson (2001, 2003, 2004) demonstrated that masked priming effects in many cognitive tasks become larger when the proportion of related trials increases (prime validity effects). Those authors claimed that these effects are due to participants' recruiting prime information to aid target processing when it is useful to do so (e.g., there are a large number of related trials-the memory recruitment account). Bodner and Mulji (in press) recently reported similar effects in an arrow classification task with free choice trials. In the present research, we examined whether the memory recruitment account can adequately explain prime validity effects in that task. In this experiment, participants classified arrow direction (i.e., left-right) and responded to free choice stimuli (i.e., two-sided arrows that allow either a left or right response) following arrow primes when the prime-target relationship for the arrow target trials was always congruent, always incongruent, or unpredictive. Prime validity effects for the either-way targets emerged with both 77- and 165-msec prime-target intervals. The results in the unpredictive conditions, however, suggest that those effects were due to the impact of automatic response biases initially created by the prime, which participants attempt to suppress when it is advantageous to do so.
博德纳和马森（2001年、2003年、2004年）证明，在许多认知任务中，当相关试验的比例增加时（启动有效性效应），掩蔽启动效应会变得更大。这些作者声称，这些效应是由于参与者在有用的时候调用启动信息来辅助目标处理（例如，存在大量相关试验——记忆调用账户）。博德纳和穆尔吉（即将出版）最近在一项带有自由选择试验的箭头分类任务中报告了类似的效应。在本研究中，我们考察了记忆调用账户是否能够充分解释该任务中的启动有效性效应。在这个实验中，当箭头目标试验的启动-目标关系始终一致、始终不一致或不可预测时，参与者对箭头方向（即左右）进行分类，并在箭头启动后对自由选择刺激（即允许向左或向右反应的双向箭头）做出反应。对于双向目标，在77毫秒和165毫秒的启动-目标间隔下都出现了启动有效性效应。然而，不可预测条件下的结果表明，这些效应是由于启动最初产生的自动反应偏差的影响，参与者在有利时试图抑制这种偏差。
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