Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow, India.
Neurol India. 2009 Nov-Dec;57(6):697-705. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.59463.
Toxic neuropathies generally result in length dependent axonal neuropathy with the exception of diphtheria and a few toxic neuropathies. In spite of occurrence of diphtheria in India there is paucity of published reports on diphtheritic neuropathy. Arsenic neuropathy commonly occurs in Bengal and Bangladesh because of ground water contamination whereas in Punjab it is due to contamination of opium. Lead neuropathy is rare and has been reported in battery workers and silver refining workers. It produces motor neuropathy resulting in foot drop and wrist drop. Organophosphates are used as pesticides, industrial chemicals and food adulterant. Certain organophosphates such as triorthocresyl phosphate used for or oil adulteration inhibit neurotoxic esterase and result in a delayed type of axonal neuropathy. Alcohol related neuropathy is a controversial issue whether it is due to alcohol related toxicity or due to nutritional deficiencies. Indian studies have revealed that neuropathy occurs both in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis. Hexane neuropathy is reported in screen printers and these cases highlight the need for better preventive and occupational measures. Iatrogenic toxic neuropathies have been reported with cisplatin and vincristine. Because of geographical, occupational and health related conditions toxic neuropathies are likely to be more common than reported and greater awareness is needed.
中毒性神经病通常导致长度依赖性轴索性神经病，但白喉和少数几种中毒性神经病除外。尽管印度有白喉发生，但有关白喉性神经病的发表报告却很少。由于地下水污染，砷中毒性神经病常见于孟加拉国和孟加拉国，而在旁遮普邦，则是由于鸦片污染。铅中毒性神经病罕见，曾在电池工人和银精炼工人中报告过。它会导致运动神经病，引起足下垂和腕下垂。有机磷化合物被用作杀虫剂、工业化学品和食品掺杂物。某些有机磷化合物，如用于油类掺假的三邻甲苯基磷酸酯，会抑制神经毒性酯酶，导致迟发性轴索性神经病。酒精相关性神经病是一个有争议的问题，它是由于酒精相关性毒性还是由于营养缺乏引起的。印度的研究表明，神经病既发生在酒精性和非酒精性肝硬化中。在丝印工中报道了正己烷神经病，这些病例突出表明需要更好的预防和职业措施。顺铂和长春新碱已报告引起医源性中毒性神经病。由于地理、职业和健康相关条件，中毒性神经病可能比报告的更为常见，因此需要提高认识。
