Ferrante A
Department of Immunology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, Australia.
Parasite Immunol. 1991 Jan;13(1):31-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00261.x.
Free-living amoebae causes three well-defined disease entities: (i) primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, caused by Naegleria fowleri, (ii) granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and (iii) chronic amoebic keratitis, caused by species of Acanthamoeba. Both Naegleria infections and chronic amoebic keratitis occur in healthy individuals while granulomatous amoebic encephalitis is often associated with patients with acquired immunodeficiencies. The different pathogenic behaviour of these organisms is associated with differences in life cycle, amoeboidal locomotion, enzyme composition (such as phospholipase A), and cytotoxins, as well as natural host immunity. Immunity against these amoebae (whether acquired or natural) involves a combination of complement, antibody and cell-mediated immunity. Evidence suggests that the major mechanisms of immunity against these amoebae is activation of phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils, by lymphokines and opsonization of the amoebae by antibody which promote an antibody dependent cellular destruction of the organism.
（i）由福氏耐格里阿米巴引起的原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎，（ii）肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎，以及（iii）由棘阿米巴属物种引起的慢性阿米巴角膜炎。耐格里阿米巴感染和慢性阿米巴角膜炎均发生于健康个体，而肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎常与获得性免疫缺陷患者相关。这些生物体不同的致病行为与生命周期、阿米巴样运动、酶组成（如磷脂酶A）、细胞毒素以及天然宿主免疫的差异有关。针对这些阿米巴的免疫（无论是获得性还是天然的）涉及补体、抗体和细胞介导免疫的联合作用。有证据表明，针对这些阿米巴的主要免疫机制是淋巴细胞因子激活吞噬细胞，尤其是中性粒细胞，以及抗体对阿米巴的调理作用，从而促进对该生物体的抗体依赖性细胞破坏。
