Ritchie K, Villebrun D
Inserm, U888 Pathologies du Système Nerveux : Recherche Epidémiologique et Clinique, Montpellier.
Encephale. 2009 Dec;35 Suppl 7:S296-300. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7006(09)73490-6.
Depression in parents is a significant risk factor for depression in the offspring at all ages, and also modulates depression severity. Depression severity increases with the number of parents affected, but the presence of grandparents without depression may be protective. Most studies have focused on the transmission of maternal depression, however, the few studies examining paternal depression observe that it impacts more on behavioral than emotional disorders. The genetic component of inter-generational transmission increases with the severity of depression. The interaction between parental depression, environment and onset of depression in children is complex due to the secondary effects of depression which range from in utero disturbances of cortisol secretion via the placenta, to poor parenting skills and high rates of family conflict and co-morbidity. While pharmaceutical treatment of depression in parents reduces the risk in children, it is also necessary to modify secondary factors as these may persist in the face of treatment and continue to increase risk. A number of questions remain to be explored ; the effect of the age of the child when the parent becomes depressed, the differential impact according to the child's sex, and the effect of duration of exposure.
父母患抑郁症是子女在各年龄段患抑郁症的一个重要风险因素，同时也会影响抑郁症的严重程度。抑郁症的严重程度会随着受影响父母的数量增加而上升，但没有患抑郁症的祖父母的存在可能具有保护作用。大多数研究都集中在母亲抑郁症的遗传传递上，然而，少数研究父亲抑郁症的研究发现，父亲抑郁症对行为障碍的影响比对情绪障碍的影响更大。代际传递的遗传成分会随着抑郁症严重程度的增加而增加。父母抑郁症、环境与儿童抑郁症发病之间的相互作用很复杂，这是因为抑郁症的次生影响范围广泛，从子宫内通过胎盘分泌皮质醇受到干扰，到育儿技能差、家庭冲突率高和共病率高。虽然对父母的抑郁症进行药物治疗可降低子女患病风险，但改变次生因素也很有必要，因为这些因素可能在治疗后依然存在，并继续增加风险。还有一些问题有待探索，比如父母患抑郁症时孩子年龄的影响、根据孩子性别产生的不同影响，以及接触时长的影响。
