Academic Unit of Psychiatry, The School of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2011 Feb;25(2):151-96. doi: 10.1177/0269881109106931. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
Psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and mood disorders are severe and disabling conditions of largely unknown origin and poorly understood pathophysiology. An accurate diagnosis and treatment of these disorders is often complicated by their aetiological and clinical heterogeneity. In recent years proteomic technologies based on mass spectrometry have been increasingly used, especially in the search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders. Proteomics enable an automated high-throughput protein determination revealing expression levels, post-translational modifications and complex protein-interaction networks. In contrast to other methods such as molecular genetics, proteomics provide the opportunity to determine modifications at the protein level thereby possibly being more closely related to pathophysiological processes underlying the clinical phenomenology of specific psychiatric conditions. In this article we review the theoretical background of proteomics and its most commonly utilized techniques. Furthermore the current impact of proteomic research on diverse psychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, drug abuse and autism, is discussed. Proteomic methods are expected to gain crucial significance in psychiatric research and neuropharmacology over the coming decade.
精神障碍，如阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症和心境障碍，是一种严重且致残的疾病，其病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚。这些疾病的准确诊断和治疗常常因病因和临床表现的异质性而变得复杂。近年来，基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术得到了越来越多的应用，特别是在神经精神疾病的诊断和预后生物标志物的寻找中。蛋白质组学可以实现自动化的高通量蛋白质测定，揭示蛋白质的表达水平、翻译后修饰和复杂的蛋白质相互作用网络。与分子遗传学等其他方法相比，蛋白质组学提供了在蛋白质水平上确定修饰的机会，因此可能与特定精神疾病的临床表型的病理生理过程更密切相关。本文综述了蛋白质组学的理论背景及其最常用的技术。此外，还讨论了蛋白质组学研究对各种精神疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症、心境和焦虑障碍、药物滥用和自闭症）的当前影响。在未来十年，蛋白质组学方法有望在精神疾病研究和神经药理学中发挥至关重要的作用。
