Stress and Anxiety Research Group, Department of Psychiatry Trauma, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2010 Apr;84(1):57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.021. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
Given clear connections between respiratory distress and subjective anxiety, it is not surprising that respiratory psychophysiologists have been interested in the psychobiology of anxiety. Given parallel links between anxiety and stress, it is not surprising that the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) stress system has also been a focus in anxiety research. However, despite extensive work in respiratory psychophysiology and stress neuroendocrinology--and evidence that these systems are jointly dysregulated in anxiety disorders--direct studies of their interactions are rare. This paper reviews evidence for scientific intersections, providing an overview of the HPA axis, its psychobiology, and shared neural substrates for HPA and respiratory control. We examine HPA hormone effects on respiration, immune/inflammatory mediators, and lung maturation. We also examine respiratory/dyspnea effects on HPA axis. There are clear points of intersection in the neuroscience of respiration and stress. Given the importance of both systems to an organism's ability to survive and adapt in challenging and changing environments, further study of their interactions is needed.
鉴于呼吸窘迫与主观焦虑之间存在明显联系，呼吸心理生理学家对焦虑的心理生物学感兴趣也就不足为奇了。鉴于焦虑与应激之间存在平行关系，下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 应激系统也一直是焦虑研究的焦点。然而，尽管在呼吸心理生理学和应激神经内分泌学方面进行了广泛的研究——并且有证据表明这些系统在焦虑障碍中共同失调——但对它们相互作用的直接研究却很少。本文回顾了科学交叉的证据，概述了 HPA 轴及其心理生物学，以及 HPA 和呼吸控制的共享神经基础。我们研究了 HPA 激素对呼吸、免疫/炎症介质和肺成熟的影响。我们还研究了呼吸/呼吸困难对 HPA 轴的影响。呼吸和应激的神经科学有明显的交叉点。鉴于这两个系统对生物体在具有挑战性和不断变化的环境中生存和适应的能力都很重要，因此需要进一步研究它们的相互作用。
