Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Feb;11(1):16-24. doi: 10.1080/15389580903390631.
Young novice drivers are overrepresented in crash rates during their first few months of driving. The dramatic drop afterwards implies that some important skills of safe driving are learned during this period. In an attempt to help novice drivers acquire higher-order perceptual and cognitive skills for safe driving, a training intervention based on driving simulation was developed, tested, and evaluated.
Eight virtual driving scenarios (four equivalent and four analogical) were developed for road hazard handling training, and another eight scenarios were developed for subsequent formal testing. Two groups of novice drivers were recruited to test and compare their road hazard handling performance. The trained group received training treatment 6 weeks before testing, whereas the untrained group had no prior training except a basic driving skill exercise. The comprehensive training intervention included simulated driving in eight virtual scenarios, then feedback of their own hazard handling performance, and finally watching the playback video of an experienced driver's handling of each road hazard.
Road hazard handling performance scores were significantly higher for the trained group and the training effect was greater for equivalent scenarios than for analogical ones. The trained drivers anticipated potential hazards in advance to a larger extent than the untrained, as indicated by both earlier speed reduction and subjective self-report data when approaching the hazards. Subjective mental workload of the trained drivers was significantly lower in completing the simulated driving task.
The tested comprehensive training intervention has shown positive effects in improving novice drivers' abilities to anticipate, recognize, and deal with hazards in simulated driving. Performance of the trained drivers with different starting levels converged to a relatively high level after training.
年轻新手司机在刚开始开车的几个月里，事故率过高。之后事故率急剧下降，这表明一些安全驾驶的重要技能是在这段时间内学会的。为了帮助新手司机获得更高层次的安全驾驶感知和认知技能，我们开发了一种基于驾驶模拟的培训干预措施，并对其进行了测试和评估。
为道路危险处理培训开发了 8 个虚拟驾驶场景（4 个等效和 4 个类比），并为随后的正式测试开发了另外 8 个场景。招募了两组新手司机来测试和比较他们的道路危险处理性能。训练组在测试前接受了 6 周的培训治疗，而未接受培训的组除了基本的驾驶技能练习外，没有事先接受培训。综合培训干预措施包括在 8 个虚拟场景中进行模拟驾驶，然后反馈他们自己的危险处理性能，最后观看经验丰富的司机处理每个道路危险的回放视频。
训练组的道路危险处理性能得分明显更高，等效场景的培训效果大于类比场景。与未接受培训的司机相比，受过培训的司机在接近危险时，在更大程度上提前预测潜在危险，表现为更早减速和主观自我报告数据。完成模拟驾驶任务时，受过培训的司机的主观心理工作量明显较低。
经过测试的综合培训干预措施在提高新手司机在模拟驾驶中预测、识别和处理危险的能力方面显示出积极的效果。不同起点水平的受训司机的表现经过培训后收敛到一个相对较高的水平。
