Vlakveld Willem, Romoser Matthew R E, Mehranian Hasmik, Diete Frank, Pollatsek Alexander, Fisher Donald L
SW0V, Institute for Road Safety Research, P.O. Box 1090, 2260 BB, Leidschendam, Netherlands.
Transp Res Rec. 2011 Jan 1;2265:153-160. doi: 10.3141/2265-17. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
Young drivers (younger than 25 years of age) are overrepresented in crashes. Research suggests that a relevant cause is inadequate visual search for possible hazards that are hidden from view. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a low-cost, fixed-base simulator training program that would address this failure. It was hypothesized that elicited crashes in the simulator training would result in better scanning for latent hazards in scenarios that were similar to the training scenarios but situated in a different environment (near transfer), and, to a lesser degree, would result in better scanning in scenarios that had altogether different latent hazards than those contained in the training scenarios (far transfer). To test the hypotheses, 18 trained and 18 untrained young novice drivers were evaluated on an advanced driving simulator (different from the training simulator). The eye movements of both groups were measured. In near transfer scenarios, trained drivers fixated the hazardous region 84% of the time, compared with only 57% of untrained drivers. In far transfer scenarios, trained drivers fixated the hazardous region 71 % of the time, compared with only 53% of untrained drivers. The differences between trained and untrained drivers in both the near transfer scenarios and the far transfer scenarios were significant, with a large effect size in the near transfer scenarios and a medium effect size in the far transfer scenarios [respectively: U = 63.00, p(2-tailed) < .01, r = -.53, and U = 88.00, p(2-tailed)<.05,r = -.39].
年轻驾驶员（年龄小于25岁）在交通事故中所占比例过高。研究表明，一个相关原因是对隐藏视野之外的潜在危险进行的视觉搜索不足。本研究的目的是开发并评估一个低成本的固定基座模拟器培训项目，以解决这一缺陷。研究假设，模拟器培训中引发的撞车事故将导致在与培训场景相似但位于不同环境中的场景（近迁移）中更好地扫描潜在危险，并且在较小程度上，将导致在具有与培训场景中完全不同的潜在危险的场景（远迁移）中更好地扫描。为了检验这些假设，对18名经过培训和18名未经培训的年轻新手驾驶员在先进驾驶模拟器（与培训模拟器不同）上进行了评估。测量了两组驾驶员的眼动情况。在近迁移场景中，经过培训的驾驶员有84%的时间注视危险区域，而未经培训的驾驶员只有57%的时间注视危险区域。在远迁移场景中，经过培训的驾驶员有71%的时间注视危险区域，而未经培训的驾驶员只有53%的时间注视危险区域。在近迁移场景和远迁移场景中，经过培训和未经培训的驾驶员之间的差异均具有显著性，近迁移场景中的效应量较大，远迁移场景中的效应量中等[分别为：U = 63.00，p（双侧）<0.01，r = -0.53，以及U = 88.00，p（双侧）<0.05，r = -0.39]。
