Marketing Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2010 Nov-Dec;17(6):510-8. doi: 10.1002/cpp.678.
Phobic individuals expect aversive UCS's following encounters with phobic stimuli. Previous research using a thought-experiment procedure showed that contamination rather than harm-related outcome expectancies differentiated best between high and low spider fearful undergraduates. This study investigated the alleged role of these UCS-expectancy biases in the maintenance of phobic complaints. First, this study sought to replicate these earlier findings in a community sample of high spider fearful individuals who applied for treatment (n = 60) and a sample of low spider fear controls (n = 30). Second, the present study tested if UCS-expectancies disappear following successful treatment and whether there were any differences between harm and contamination-related UCS expectancies in this respect. If contamination- and/or harm-related UCS-expectancy biases play a critical role in the maintenance of spider fear, these biases should be substantially reduced after successful treatment. The results showed that spider fearful individuals associated spiders relatively strongly with both harm- and contamination-related outcomes. Consistent with the alleged reciprocal relationship between phobic fear and UCS expectancy bias, both types of biased expectancies were effectively reduced following treatment.
恐惧症患者在遇到恐惧症刺激后会预期到厌恶的 UCS。先前使用思维实验程序的研究表明，在区分高、低蜘蛛恐惧的大学生时，污染相关的预期而非伤害相关的预期结果能更好地区分。本研究探讨了这些 UCS 预期偏差在维持恐惧症症状中的作用。首先，本研究试图在申请治疗的高蜘蛛恐惧的社区样本（n=60）和低蜘蛛恐惧对照组（n=30）中复制这些早期发现。其次，本研究测试了成功治疗后 UCS 预期是否会消失，以及在这方面伤害和污染相关 UCS 预期是否存在差异。如果污染和/或伤害相关的 UCS 预期偏差在维持蜘蛛恐惧中起着关键作用，那么这些偏差在成功治疗后应该会大大减少。结果表明，蜘蛛恐惧患者将蜘蛛与伤害和污染相关的结果联系得非常紧密。与恐惧症恐惧和 UCS 预期偏差之间的所谓相互关系一致，两种类型的偏差预期在治疗后都得到了有效降低。
