Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL, USA 60637, USA.
Curr Pharm Des. 2010 May;16(14):1582-94. doi: 10.2174/138161210791164171.
The increasing global incidence of diabetes and advancements in clinical pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of Type I diabetes have renewed the interest in understanding the variations of beta cell mass and function relative not only to transplant outcome but also to the onset and progression of diabetes. A deeper comprehension of the molecular and cellular processes involved in pancreatic islet inflammation and cytotoxicity is necessary to further improve efficacy of islet transplantation and to develop new therapies aimed at preserving beta cell function in pathological conditions. Available diagnostic methods based on metabolic response are unsuitable as they lack correlation to islet mass, viability and function. Great emphasis has been placed on developing noninvasive imaging technologies which enable the tracking of both endogenous and transplanted islet mass and potentially function overtime, the characterization of changes in islet vasculature and the degree of T-cell infiltration during insulitis. Among the more relevant modalities are magnetic resonance, positron emitted tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, bioluminescence and fluorescence optical imaging. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pancreatic islets. In-vitro approaches aimed at characterizing the potency of isolated islets as well as in-vivo advancements in the assessment of transplanted beta cell mass are presented together with the significant progress made in the in-vivo imaging of the endocrine pancreas and islet vasculature and inflammation. Different experimental approaches are compared via their advantages and limitations with respect to their clinical implementation.
全球糖尿病发病率不断上升，临床胰岛移植技术不断进步，为治疗 1 型糖尿病提供了新的希望。这促使人们重新关注胰岛细胞质量和功能的变化，不仅与移植结果有关，还与糖尿病的发生和进展有关。为了进一步提高胰岛移植的疗效，并开发针对病理条件下保护β细胞功能的新疗法，我们需要更深入地了解胰岛炎症和细胞毒性的分子和细胞过程。现有的基于代谢反应的诊断方法不适合，因为它们与胰岛质量、活力和功能缺乏相关性。人们非常重视开发非侵入性成像技术，这些技术可以跟踪内源性和移植胰岛的质量，并具有潜在的功能，能够长时间追踪胰岛血管的变化以及胰岛炎期间 T 细胞浸润的程度。其中较为相关的方法包括磁共振、正电子发射断层扫描、单光子发射计算机断层扫描、生物发光和荧光光学成像。本文重点介绍了胰岛磁共振成像（MRI）的最新进展。本文介绍了用于表征分离胰岛活力的体外方法，以及评估移植β细胞质量的体内进展，同时还介绍了在体内对内分泌胰腺和胰岛血管及炎症进行成像的重要进展。通过比较不同的实验方法的优缺点，探讨了它们在临床应用中的价值。
