Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2010;72:357-76. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163245.
The mammalian kidney is a highly complex organ that requires the precise structural arrangement of multiple cell types for effective function. The need to filter large volumes of plasma at the glomerulus followed by active reabsorption of nearly 99% of that filtrate by the tubules creates vulnerability in both compartments for cell injury. Thus maintenance of cell viability and replacement of those cells that are lost are essential for functional stability of the kidney. This review addresses our current understanding of how cells from the glomerular, tubular, and interstitial compartments arise during development and the manner in which they may be regenerated in the adult organ. In addition, we discuss the data regarding the role of organ-specific and bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells in the replacement/repair process, as well as the potential for ex vivo programming of stem cells toward a renal lineage.
哺乳动物的肾脏是一个高度复杂的器官，需要多种细胞类型的精确结构排列才能有效发挥功能。肾小球需要过滤大量的血浆，然后肾小管几乎 99%的滤液被重吸收，这使得肾小球和肾小管这两个部位都容易受到细胞损伤。因此，维持细胞活力和替换那些丢失的细胞对于肾脏功能的稳定性是至关重要的。这篇综述讨论了我们目前对肾小球、肾小管和肾间质细胞在发育过程中是如何产生的以及它们在成年器官中是如何被再生的理解。此外，我们还讨论了关于器官特异性和骨髓来源的干细胞和祖细胞在替代/修复过程中的作用的数据，以及体外对干细胞向肾系进行编程的潜力。
