Kuruppu Kumudu K S
Quality Management, National Blood Center, National Blood Transfusion Service, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Biologicals. 2010 Jan;38(1):87-90. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.10.005. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
Managing the blood system in disasters is one of the main challenges for any blood transfusion service exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods and tsunamis, biological threats such as pandemic influenza as well as manmade disruptions and terrorism. Sri Lanka had to face contrasting types of situations. The most unexpected and dreadful one was the 2004 December 26 tsunami catastrophe which cost >30,000 human lives, leaving more than 23,000 injured. Health services were over-burdened with influx of dead bodies and injured people, most due to drowning. Injuries varied from small lacerations to deeper wounds, broken arms, legs, ribs, damaged organs and head injuries. The National Blood Transfusion Service, had to coordinate its blood supply effectively and to manage large number of blood donors during the first few days following tsunami. In contrast to the acute destruction of tsunami, Sri Lanka also faced a "chronic disaster" of 3 decades due to the separatist war waged by the Tamil Tigers, until it was completely terminated in 2009. There were large scale terrorist attacks using suicide bombers, land mines and claymore mines resulting in frequent influxes of dead bodies and injured patients to hospitals. The experiences of Sri Lanka blood system in the face of two contrasting types of disastrous situations are presented.
在灾难中管理血液系统，对于任何面临地震、洪水、海啸等自然灾害、大流行性流感等生物威胁以及人为破坏和恐怖主义的输血服务机构来说，都是主要挑战之一。斯里兰卡不得不面对截然不同的各类情况。最意想不到且可怕的是2004年12月26日的海啸灾难，这场灾难夺走了3万多人的生命，造成2.3万多人受伤。卫生服务因涌入大量尸体和伤者而不堪重负，其中大多数是溺水所致。伤势从轻微撕裂伤到较深伤口、手臂骨折、腿部骨折、肋骨骨折、器官受损和头部受伤不等。国家输血服务机构必须在海啸后的头几天有效协调血液供应，并管理大量献血者。与海啸造成的急性破坏形成对比的是，由于泰米尔猛虎组织发动的分裂战争，斯里兰卡还面临了长达30年的“慢性灾难”，这场战争直到2009年才彻底结束。存在使用自杀式炸弹袭击者、地雷和定向杀伤地雷的大规模恐怖袭击，导致医院频繁接收大量尸体和受伤患者。本文介绍了斯里兰卡血液系统在面对两种截然不同的灾难性情况时的经验。
