Department of Dental Hygiene, Busan Women's University, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-734, South Korea.
Toxicology. 2010 Apr 11;270(2-3):106-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.02.001. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Gravinol, a proanthocyanidin from grape seeds, has polyphenolic properties with powerful anti-oxidative effects. Although, increasing evidence strongly suggests that polyphenolic antioxidants suppress diabetic nephropathy that is causally associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, gravinol's protective action against diabetic nephropathy has not been fully explored to date. In the current study, we investigated the protective action of gravinol against oxidative stress and inflammation using the experimental diabetic nephropathy cell model, high glucose-exposed renal tubular epithelial cells. To elucidate the underlying actions of gravinol, several oxidative and inflammatory markers were estimated. Included are measurements of lipid peroxidation, total reactive species (RS), superoxide (O(2)), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Results indicate that gravinol had a potent inhibitory action against lipid peroxidation, total RS, O(2), NO, ONOO(-), the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio and more importantly, against NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. We propose that gravinol's strong protective effect against high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cell damage attenuates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
葡萄籽油原花青素 gravinol 具有多酚特性，具有强大的抗氧化作用。虽然越来越多的证据强烈表明，多酚抗氧化剂可抑制与氧化应激和炎症有关的糖尿病肾病，但迄今为止，gravinol 对糖尿病肾病的保护作用尚未得到充分探索。在本研究中，我们使用实验性糖尿病肾病细胞模型（高糖暴露的肾小管上皮细胞）研究了 gravinol 对氧化应激和炎症的保护作用。为了阐明 gravinol 的作用机制，我们评估了几种氧化和炎症标志物。包括脂质过氧化、总活性氧（RS）、超氧阴离子（O2）、一氧化氮（NO）和过氧亚硝酸盐（ONOO-）以及核因子-κB（NF-κB）核转位的测量。结果表明，gravinol 对脂质过氧化、总 RS、O2、NO、ONOO-、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）/氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）比值具有很强的抑制作用，更重要的是，对 NF-κB 核转位具有抑制作用。我们提出，gravinol 对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤的强烈保护作用通过抑制氧化应激和炎症来减轻糖尿病肾病。
