The toxic action and interactions of copper and cadmium to the marine alga Dunaliella minuta, in both acute and chronic exposure.

The effective concentrations of copper and cadmium which reduced the population growth of Dunaliella minuta by 50% after 96 h of static exposure, were determined to be 7.57 microM Cu and 0.34 microM Cd. Short-term static exposure to both metals indicated that their combined action is antagonistic with respect to growth of this chlorophyte. Additionally, long-term exposure to low levels of Cu or Cd led to the acquisition of tolerance towards Cu and Cd, respectively, and co-tolerance towards Cu.