Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Area 3, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Infect Agent Cancer. 2010 Feb 12;5:5. doi: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-5.
The impact of infection with HIV on the risk of cancer in children is uncertain, particularly for those living in sub-Saharan Africa. In an ongoing study in a paediatric oncology centre in Malawi, children (aged </= 15 years) with known or suspected cancers are being recruited and tested for HIV and their mothers or carers interviewed. This study reports findings for children recruited between 2005 and 2008.
Only children with a cancer diagnosis were included. Odds ratios (OR) for being HIV positive were estimated for each cancer type (with adjustment for age (<5 years, >/= 5 years) and sex) using children with other cancers and non-malignant conditions as a comparison group (excluding the known HIV-associated cancers, Kaposi sarcoma and lymphomas, as well as children with other haematological malignancies or with confirmed non-cancer diagnoses).
Of the 586 children recruited, 541 (92%) met the inclusion criteria and 525 (97%) were tested for HIV. Overall HIV seroprevalence was 10%. Infection with HIV was associated with Kaposi sarcoma (29 cases; OR = 93.5, 95% CI 26.9 to 324.4) and with non-Burkitt, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (33 cases; OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 17.9) but not with Burkitt lymphoma (269 cases; OR = 2.2, 95% CI 0.8 to 6.4).
In this study, only Kaposi sarcoma and non-Burkitt, non-Hodgkin lymphoma were associated with HIV infection. The endemic form of Burkitt lymphoma, which is relatively frequent in Malawi, was not significantly associated with HIV. While the relatively small numbers of children with other cancers, together with possible limitations of diagnostic testing may limit our conclusions, the findings may suggest differences in the pathogenesis of HIV-related malignancies in different parts of the world.
HIV 感染对儿童癌症风险的影响尚不确定，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。在马拉维一家儿科肿瘤中心正在进行的一项研究中，正在招募已知或疑似患有癌症的儿童，并对他们进行 HIV 检测，同时对其母亲或照顾者进行访谈。本研究报告了 2005 年至 2008 年间招募的儿童的研究结果。
仅纳入有癌症诊断的儿童。使用其他癌症和非恶性疾病患儿作为对照组（排除已知与 HIV 相关的癌症、卡波西肉瘤和淋巴瘤，以及患有其他血液系统恶性肿瘤或经证实的非癌症诊断的患儿），按年龄（<5 岁、≥5 岁）和性别对每种癌症类型进行 HIV 阳性的比值比（OR）估计。
在招募的 586 名儿童中，541 名（92%）符合纳入标准，525 名（97%）接受了 HIV 检测。总体 HIV 血清阳性率为 10%。HIV 感染与卡波西肉瘤（29 例；OR=93.5，95%CI 26.9 至 324.4）和非伯基特、非霍奇金淋巴瘤（33 例；OR=4.4，95%CI 1.1 至 17.9）相关，但与伯基特淋巴瘤（269 例；OR=2.2，95%CI 0.8 至 6.4）无关。
在本研究中，只有卡波西肉瘤和非伯基特、非霍奇金淋巴瘤与 HIV 感染相关。在马拉维相对常见的地方性伯基特淋巴瘤与 HIV 无显著相关性。虽然其他癌症患儿数量相对较少，且诊断检测可能存在局限性，这可能限制了我们的结论，但这些发现可能表明，在世界不同地区，HIV 相关恶性肿瘤的发病机制存在差异。
