Newton R, Ziegler J, Beral V, Mbidde E, Carpenter L, Wabinga H, Mbulaiteye S, Appleby P, Reeves G, Jaffe H
ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Gibson Building, Oxford OX 2 6HE, United Kingdom.
Int J Cancer. 2001 Jun 1;92(5):622-7. doi: 10.1002/1097-0215(20010601)92:5<622::aid-ijc1256>3.0.co;2-k.
Uganda offers a unique setting in which to study the effect of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) on cancer. HIV-1 is prevalent there, and cancers which are known to be HIV-associated, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, are endemic. Adults residing in Kampala, Uganda, presenting with cancer in city hospitals were interviewed and had an HIV test. Of the 302 adults recruited, 190 had cancers with a potentially infectious aetiology (cases). The remaining 112 adults with tumours not known to have an infectious aetiology formed the control group. In addition, 318 children who were also Kampala residents were recruited and tested for HIV: 128 with cancer (cases) and 190 with non-malignant conditions (controls). HIV seroprevalence was 24% in adult controls and 6% in childhood controls. The odds of HIV seropositivity among cases with specific cancers (other than Kaposi's sarcoma in adults) were compared with that among controls, using odds ratios (ORs), estimated with unconditional logistic regression. All ORs were adjusted for age (<5, 5-14, 15-19, 30-44, 45+) and sex and, in adults, also for the number of lifetime sexual partners (1 or 2, 3-9, 10+). In adults, HIV infection was associated with a significantly (p < 0.05) increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [OR = 6.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-19.9, based on 21 cases] and conjunctival squamous-cell carcinoma (OR = 10.9, 95% CI 3.1-37.7, based on 22 cases) but not with cancer at other common sites, including liver and uterine cervix. In children, HIV infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (OR = 94.9, 95% CI 28.5-315.3, based on 36 cases) and Burkitt's lymphoma (OR = 7.5, 95% CI 2.8-20.1, based on 33 cases) but not with other cancers. The pattern of HIV-associated cancers in Uganda is broadly similar to that described elsewhere, but the relative frequency of specific cancers, such as conjunctival carcinoma, in HIV-infected people differs.
乌干达为研究人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）对癌症的影响提供了一个独特的环境。HIV-1在该国流行，而一些已知与HIV相关的癌症，如卡波西肉瘤和伯基特淋巴瘤，在当地呈地方性流行。对居住在乌干达坎帕拉、在城市医院就诊的成年癌症患者进行了访谈并进行了HIV检测。在招募的302名成年人中，190人患有可能由感染性病因引起的癌症（病例组）。其余112名肿瘤病因不明的成年人组成对照组。此外，还招募了318名同样居住在坎帕拉的儿童并进行HIV检测：128名患有癌症（病例组），190名患有非恶性疾病（对照组）。成人对照组的HIV血清阳性率为24%，儿童对照组为6%。使用无条件逻辑回归估计的比值比（OR），将特定癌症（成人卡波西肉瘤除外）病例组的HIV血清阳性几率与对照组进行比较。所有OR均根据年龄（<5岁、5 - 14岁、15 - 19岁、30 - 44岁、45岁以上）和性别进行调整，在成年人中还根据终身性伴侣数量（1或2个、3 - 9个、10个以上）进行调整。在成年人中，HIV感染与非霍奇金淋巴瘤（基于21例病例，OR = 6.2，95%置信区间[CI] 1.9 - 19.9）和结膜鳞状细胞癌（基于22例病例，OR = 10.9，95% CI 3.1 - 37.7）的风险显著增加（p < 0.05）相关，但与其他常见部位的癌症，包括肝脏和子宫颈癌无关。在儿童中，HIV感染与卡波西肉瘤（基于36例病例，OR = 94.9，95% CI 28.5 - 315.3）和伯基特淋巴瘤（基于33例病例，OR = 7.5，9% CI 2.8 - 20.1）的风险显著增加相关，但与其他癌症无关。乌干达与HIV相关的癌症模式与其他地方描述的大致相似，但HIV感染者中特定癌症的相对频率有所不同，如结膜癌。
