Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Nutrition. 2010 Mar;26(3):243-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.008.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal hormone mainly released from the distal ileum, jejunum, and colon in response to food ingestion. It is categorized as an incretin due to its activation of GLP-1 receptors in pancreatic beta-cells leading to insulin exocytosis in a glucose-dependent manner. Exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) is a subcutaneously injected GLP-1 receptor agonist that shares 50% homology with GLP-1. It is derived from lizard venom and stimulates the GLP-1 receptor for prolonged periods. The present review aims to enumerate exenatide-instigated weight loss, summarize the known mechanisms of exenatide-induced weight loss, and elaborate on its possible application in the pharmacotherapy of obesity.
A search through PubMed was performed using exenatide and weight loss as search terms. A second search was performed using exenatide and mechanisms or actions as search terms.
In addition to exenatide's action to increase insulin secretion in individuals with elevated levels of plasma glucose, clinical trials have reported consistent weight loss associated with exenatide treatment. Studies have found evidence that exenatide decreases energy intake and increases energy expenditure, but findings on which predominates to cause weight loss are often inconsistent and controversial.
Further research on the effects of exenatide treatment on energy intake and expenditure are recommended to better understand the mechanisms through which exenatide causes weight loss.
胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）是一种主要在肠道中响应食物摄入而从回肠、空肠和结肠释放的胃肠激素。它被归类为肠促胰岛素，因为它在胰腺β细胞中激活 GLP-1 受体，以葡萄糖依赖的方式导致胰岛素分泌。艾塞那肽（合成 exendin-4）是一种皮下注射的 GLP-1 受体激动剂，与 GLP-1 具有 50%的同源性。它源自蜥蜴毒液，可长时间刺激 GLP-1 受体。本综述旨在列举艾塞那肽引起的体重减轻，总结已知的艾塞那肽引起体重减轻的机制，并详细阐述其在肥胖症药物治疗中的可能应用。
使用 exenatide 和 weight loss 作为搜索词在 PubMed 上进行搜索。使用 exenatide 和 mechanisms or actions 作为搜索词进行第二次搜索。
除了艾塞那肽在血糖升高的个体中增加胰岛素分泌的作用外，临床试验还报告了与艾塞那肽治疗相关的一致体重减轻。研究发现证据表明，艾塞那肽可减少能量摄入并增加能量消耗，但导致体重减轻的主要因素的发现往往不一致且存在争议。
建议进一步研究艾塞那肽治疗对能量摄入和消耗的影响，以更好地了解艾塞那肽引起体重减轻的机制。
