Cheng Meihui, Ren Lili, Jia Xianxian, Wang Jianwei, Cong Bin
Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Mar 28;15:1347047. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347047. eCollection 2024.
Metformin is the initial medication recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to diabetes treatment, the function of metformin also can be anti-aging, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, further exploration is required to fully understand its mode of operation. Historically, the liver has been acknowledged as the main location where metformin reduces glucose levels, however, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract also plays a significant role in its action. In the gastrointestinal tract, metformin effects glucose uptake and absorption, increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, alters the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, and modulates the immune response. However, the side effects of it cannot be ignored such as gastrointestinal distress in patients. This review outlines the impact of metformin on the digestive system and explores potential explanations for variations in metformin effectiveness and adverse effects like gastrointestinal discomfort.
二甲双胍是治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）的首选药物。除了治疗糖尿病外，二甲双胍还具有抗衰老、抗病毒和抗炎的作用。然而，仍需进一步探索以全面了解其作用机制。从历史上看，肝脏一直被认为是二甲双胍降低血糖水平的主要部位，然而，越来越多的证据表明，胃肠道在其作用中也起着重要作用。在胃肠道中，二甲双胍影响葡萄糖的摄取和吸收，增加胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的分泌，改变肠道微生物群的组成和结构，并调节免疫反应。然而，其副作用也不容忽视，如患者的胃肠道不适。本文综述了二甲双胍对消化系统的影响，并探讨了二甲双胍疗效差异和胃肠道不适等不良反应的潜在原因。
