British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2010;61(1-3):115-23. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.12.018. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
The Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel encompass a number of designated sites supporting populations of waterbirds and seabirds that are of national or international importance, including the Severn Estuary and Burry Inlet Special Protection Areas (SPAs)/Ramsar Sites and Carmarthen Bay, the UK's first marine SPA. Here, we provide an overview of the present numbers and trends of the waterbirds and seabirds using these sites, updating previous reviews undertaken prior to these designations. We further provide a summary of the main issues that have affected the status of the area's bird populations. Declines in the numbers of waders on the Severn Estuary and the southwest over the last two decades have been linked to climate change. The Sea Empress oil-spill impacted both breeding seabirds and the wintering Common Scoters in Carmarthen Bay, though numbers of the latter recovered 3years after the spill. At the Burry Inlet, Oystercatcher numbers have fallen over the last 25years and considerable research has been undertaken into the conflict with cockle and mussel fisheries. A long-term study at Cardiff Bay, at the mouth of the Severn, revealed a significant impact on the survival of Redshanks following its impoundment and has helped to further understanding of responses of waterbirds to estuarine habitat loss. The potential impacts of the construction of a tidal power scheme on the Severn Estuary are also discussed.
塞文河口和布里斯托尔海峡拥有多个指定的水鸟和海鸟栖息地，这些栖息地对国家或国际具有重要意义，包括塞文河口和伯里湾特殊保护区域（特别保护区）/拉姆萨尔湿地和卡马森湾，这是英国第一个海洋特别保护区。在这里，我们概述了使用这些栖息地的水鸟和海鸟的现有人数和趋势，更新了这些指定之前进行的先前评论。我们进一步总结了影响该地区鸟类种群状况的主要问题。在过去的二十年中，在塞文河口和西南部的涉禽数量下降与气候变化有关。海洋女皇号石油泄漏事件不仅影响了布里斯托尔海峡的繁殖海鸟，还影响了卡马森湾的冬季普通黑头鸥，但后者在泄漏事件发生 3 年后数量有所恢复。在伯里湾，蛎鹬的数量在过去 25 年中有所下降，并且对其与贻贝和牡蛎渔业之间的冲突进行了大量研究。在塞文河口口的加的夫湾进行的一项长期研究表明，在河口被围堵后，红腹滨鹬的存活率受到了重大影响，这有助于进一步了解水鸟对河口栖息地丧失的反应。还讨论了在塞文河口建造潮汐能项目的潜在影响。
