Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany.
Syst Appl Microbiol. 2010 Mar;33(2):94-104. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 13.
To date, only a small number of investigations covering microbe-bryozoa associations have been carried out. Most of them have focused on a few bryozoan species and none have covered the antibacterial activities of associated bacteria. In the current study, the proportion and phylogenetic classification of Bryozoan-associated bacteria with antimicrobial properties were investigated. Twenty-one specimens of 14 different bryozoan species were collected from several sites in the Baltic and the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 340 associated bacteria were isolated, and 101 displayed antibiotic activities. While antibiosis was predominantly directed against Gram-positive test strains, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed affiliation of the isolates to Gram-negative classes (Flavobacteria, Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria). One isolate was related to the Gram-positive Actinobacteria. The sequences were grouped into 27 phylotypes on the basis of similarity values >or=99.5%. A host-specific affiliation was not revealed as members of the same phylotype were derived from different bryozoan species. Site-specific patterns, however, were demonstrated. Strains of the genera Sphingomonas and Alteromonas were exclusively isolated from Mediterranean sites, whereas Shewanella, Marinomonas and Vibrio-related isolates were only from Baltic sites. Although Pseudoalteromonas affiliated strains were found in both habitats, they were separated into respective phylotypes. Isolates with 16S rDNA similarity values <98%, which could possibly represent new species, belonged to the genera Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas and Tenacibaculum.
迄今为止，只有少数涵盖微生物-苔藓动物共生体的调查研究。其中大多数研究集中在少数几种苔藓动物物种上，而且没有涉及相关细菌的抗菌活性。在本研究中，研究了具有抗菌特性的苔藓动物相关细菌的比例和系统发育分类。从波罗的海和地中海的几个地点采集了 21 个 14 种不同苔藓动物的标本。共分离出 340 株相关细菌，其中 101 株具有抗生素活性。虽然抑菌作用主要针对革兰氏阳性测试菌株，但 16S rRNA 基因测序显示，这些分离株与革兰氏阴性类群（黄杆菌、α-和γ-变形菌）有关。一个分离株与革兰氏阳性放线菌有关。根据相似性值≥99.5%，将序列分为 27 个类群。由于相同的类群中来自不同的苔藓动物物种，因此没有揭示出宿主特异性的联系。然而，显示出了特定地点的模式。属 Sphingomonas 和 Alteromonas 的菌株仅从地中海地点分离，而 Shewanella、Marinomonas 和 Vibrio 相关的菌株仅从波罗的海地点分离。尽管在两个栖息地都发现了假交替单胞菌属的菌株，但它们被分为各自的类群。16S rDNA 相似值<98%的可能代表新种的分离株属于 Shewanella、Pseudoalteromonas 和 Tenacibaculum 属。
