Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2024 Sep 18;48(5). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuae024.
Until recently, the data on the diversity of the entire microbial community from the Baltic Sea were relatively rare and very scarce. However, modern molecular methods have provided new insights into this field with interesting results. They can be summarized as follows. (i) Although low salinity causes a reduction in the biodiversity of multicellular species relative to the populations of the North-East Atlantic, no such reduction occurs in bacterial diversity. (ii) Among cyanobacteria, the picocyanobacterial group dominates when considering gene abundance, while filamentous cyanobacteria dominate in means of biomass. (iii) The diversity of diatoms and dinoflagellates is significantly larger than described a few decades ago; however, molecular studies on these groups are still scarce. (iv) Knowledge gaps in other protistan communities are evident. (v) Salinity is the main limiting parameter of pelagic fungal community composition, while the benthic fungal diversity is shaped by water depth, salinity, and sediment C and N availability. (vi) Bacteriophages are the predominant group of viruses, while among viruses infecting eukaryotic hosts, Phycodnaviridae are the most abundant; the Baltic Sea virome is contaminated with viruses originating from urban and/or industrial habitats. These features make the Baltic Sea microbiome specific and unique among other marine environments.
直到最近，波罗的海整个微生物群落多样性的数据相对较少且非常稀缺。然而，现代分子方法为这一领域提供了新的见解，得出了有趣的结果。可以总结如下。（一）尽管低盐度会导致多细胞物种的生物多样性相对于东北大西洋的种群减少，但细菌多样性不会减少。（二）在蓝细菌中，就基因丰度而言，以微囊藻为主导，而丝状蓝细菌则在生物量方面占主导地位。（三）硅藻和甲藻的多样性明显大于几十年前的描述；然而，对这些群体的分子研究仍然很少。（四）其他原生动物群落的知识空白显而易见。（五）盐度是浮游真菌群落组成的主要限制因素，而底栖真菌多样性则由水深、盐度和沉积物 C 和 N 的可利用性决定。（六）噬菌体是病毒的主要群体，而感染真核宿主的病毒中，Phycodnaviridae 是最丰富的；波罗的海病毒组受到来自城市和/或工业栖息地的病毒的污染。这些特征使波罗的海微生物组在其他海洋环境中具有独特性。
