Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
Toxicon. 2010 Jun 15;55(7):1297-305. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.023. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
A new hemolytic lectin was purified from the fruit bodies of Amanita virosa Secr. mushroom by the affinity chromatography on the cross-linked ovomucin. This lectin destroyed erythrocytes of human and animals of various species, and its hemolytic activity decreased in the row: rabbit > rat > human > dog. The erythrocytes of sheep, cow and carp were resistant to such hemolytic action of the lectin (1 mg/mL). The lectin-mediated hemolysis was blocked by the polyethylene glycol with molecular mass over 1350. A. virosa lectin, unlike Amanita phalloides lectin, did not interact with tested monosaccharides. However, the 4-nitrophenyl derivates of the monosaccharides inhibited the action of A. virosa lectin which did not prefer targeting O-type glycoproteins over the N-type glycoproteins. Murine leukemia cells of L1210 line and human leukemia T-cells of CEM T4 and Jurkat lines were shown to be sensitive to toxic effect of the lectin and another protein toxovirin isolated from A. virosa fruit bodies It was found that toxovirin possessed an enzymatic activity of L-amino acid oxidase. Since both toxic proteins--the lectin and toxovirin--are sensitive to an elevated temperature, it is suggested that they play a significant role in human poisoning only when the unbaked mushroom is eaten.
从鹅膏菌科鹅膏属真菌毒蕈 A. virosa Secr. 的子实体中，通过交联卵粘蛋白的亲和层析，纯化出一种新的溶血凝集素。该凝集素能破坏人类和各种动物的红细胞，其溶血活性依次为：兔>大鼠>人>狗。绵羊、牛和鲤鱼的红细胞对该凝集素的溶血作用具有抗性（1mg/mL）。分子量超过 1350 的聚乙二醇能阻止凝集素介导的溶血作用。与鹅膏蕈 Amanita phalloides 凝集素不同，A. virosa 凝集素不与测试的单糖相互作用。然而，单糖的 4-硝基苯衍生物抑制了 A. virosa 凝集素的作用，该凝集素并不优先针对 O 型糖蛋白而不是 N 型糖蛋白。发现 L1210 系鼠白血病细胞和 CEM T4 和 Jurkat 系人白血病 T 细胞对凝集素和另一种从 A. virosa 子实体中分离出的蛋白 toxovirin 的毒性作用敏感。发现 toxovirin 具有 L-氨基酸氧化酶的酶活性。由于两种毒性蛋白——凝集素和 toxovirin——对高温敏感，因此只有当未烤制的蘑菇被食用时，它们才会在人类中毒中发挥重要作用。
