Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Jun;88(6):2073-83. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2437. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
Expeller-pressed (EP) canola meal contains more residual oil than solvent-extracted canola meal and might be an attractive feedstuff for swine, but it has been poorly characterized. In Exp. 1, six ileal-cannulated barrows (36 kg of BW) were fed at 3x maintenance either a 44% EP canola meal diet or a N-free diet in a crossover design to measure energy and AA digestibility and calculate standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA and NE content, with 6 observations per diet. Each period consisted of a 5-d diet adaptation and a 2-d feces and 3-d digesta collection. The EP canola meal contained (% of DM) 38.5% CP, 13.3% ether extract, 2.42% Lys, 1.54% Thr, 0.62% Met, and 23.2 micromol/g of glucosinolates. Apparent total tract energy digestibility was 75.0% and the DE and predicted NE content were 3.77 and 2.55 Mcal/kg (in DM), respectively. The SID AA content (% of DM) was 1.77% Lys, 1.04% Thr, and 0.52% Met. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,100 pigs (25 kg of BW) housed in 50 pens were fed 5 dietary regimens with 0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5% or decreasing amounts (22.5, 15, 7.5, and 0%, respectively) of EP canola meal over 4 phases to validate performance and carcass characteristics. Diets were formulated to contain equal NE:SID Lys for each growth phase (g/Mcal; 4.04, d 0 to 25; 3.63, d 26 to 50; 3.23, d 51 to 77; 2.83, d 78 to 90). At slaughter, carcass characteristics were measured for all pigs, and jowl fat was sampled for 2 pigs per pen. For d 51 to 90, the 22.5% EP canola meal regimen was reduced to 18% (22.5/18%) because of decreased ADFI in phases 1 and 2. Overall (d 0 to 90), increasing dietary EP canola meal linearly decreased (P < 0.001) ADG and ADFI and linearly increased (P < 0.01) G:F. For 0 and 22.5/18% EP canola meal, respectively, ADG was 978 and 931 g/d, ADFI was 2.77 and 2.58 kg/d, and G:F was 0.366 and 0.378. Increasing dietary EP canola meal did not alter the carcass backfat thickness, loin depth, or jowl fat fatty acid profile. Pigs fed 22.5/18% EP canola meal reached slaughter weight 3 d after (P < 0.05) pigs fed 0% EP canola meal. In summary, EP canola meal provided adequate energy and AA; however, ADG was reduced by 3 g/d per 1% of EP canola meal inclusion, likely because of increased dietary glucosinolates. Thus, the amount of EP canola meal included in swine diets should be targeted to an expected growth performance and carcass quality. Finally, diets formulated to contain an equal NE and SID AA content did not entirely eliminate the risks for reduced growth performance associated with inclusion of an alternative feedstuff.
压榨（EP）菜粕比溶剂提取菜粕含有更多的残留油，可能是猪的有吸引力的饲料，但它的特性描述很差。在实验 1 中，6 头回肠可结扎的阉公猪（36 公斤体重）以 3 倍维持需要量分别饲喂 44%的 EP 菜粕日粮或无氮日粮，采用交叉设计来测定能量和 AA 消化率，并计算标准化回肠可消化（SID）AA 和净能（NE）含量，每个日粮有 6 个观测值。每个时期包括 5 天的日粮适应期和 2 天的粪便和 3 天的食糜收集期。EP 菜粕含有（DM 的%）38.5%CP、13.3%乙醚提取物、2.42%Lys、1.54%Thr、0.62%Met 和 23.2 微摩尔/克的硫代葡萄糖苷。表观全肠道能量消化率为 75.0%，DE 和预测的 NE 含量分别为 3.77 和 2.55 Mcal/kg（DM）。SID AA 含量（DM 的%）为 1.77%Lys、1.04%Thr 和 0.52%Met。在实验 2 中，共有 1100 头猪（25 公斤体重）饲养在 50 个栏中，饲喂 5 种日粮，其中 0、7.5、15 和 22.5%或逐渐减少（分别为 22.5、15、7.5 和 0%）的 EP 菜粕，共 4 个阶段，以验证生产性能和胴体特征。日粮的配方是为每个生长阶段提供相等的 NE:SID Lys（g/Mcal；4.04，d 0 到 25；3.63，d 26 到 50；3.23，d 51 到 77；2.83，d 78 到 90）。在屠宰时，对所有猪进行胴体特征测量，对每个栏的 2 头猪取样颊脂。对于 d 51 到 90，由于 1 和 2 阶段的 ADFI 下降，22.5%的 EP 菜粕日粮减少到 18%（22.5/18%）。总的来说（d 0 到 90），日粮中 EP 菜粕的线性增加降低了 ADG 和 ADFI，线性增加了 G:F。对于 0 和 22.5/18%的 EP 菜粕，ADG 分别为 978 和 931 g/d，ADFI 分别为 2.77 和 2.58 kg/d，G:F 分别为 0.366 和 0.378。增加日粮中 EP 菜粕的用量并没有改变背膘厚度、腰深或颊脂的脂肪酸谱。饲喂 22.5/18%EP 菜粕的猪比饲喂 0%EP 菜粕的猪提前 3 天达到屠宰体重（P<0.05）。总之，EP 菜粕提供了足够的能量和 AA；然而，每增加 1%的 EP 菜粕，ADG 减少 3 g/d，可能是由于日粮中硫代葡萄糖苷增加。因此，猪日粮中 EP 菜粕的用量应根据预期的生长性能和胴体质量来确定。最后，配方中含有等量的 NE 和 SID AA 含量并没有完全消除与替代饲料有关的生长性能下降的风险。
