Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2013 May;91(5):2178-91. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-5065. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
Dietary inclusion of co-products (Co-P) provides opportunities for diversifying the feedstuff matrix by using local feedstuffs, reducing feed costs, and producing value-added pork. In 2 studies, we determined effects of Co-P (canola meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and co-extruded oil seed and field pea) inclusion level and reduced dietary CP concentration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acid profiles of growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were fed isoenergetic and isolysinic diets over 4 growth phases with 8 pen observations per dietary regimen. At slaughter, carcasses were characterized for all pigs and jowl fat was collected from 2 pigs per pen. In Exp. 1, 1,056 pigs (initial BW, 35.3 ± 0.4 kg) were fed 3 levels of dietary Co-P (low, mid, and high) and 2 CP concentrations (low and normal). Overall (d 0 to 86), increasing Co-P inclusion from low to mid or high decreased (P < 0.001) ADFI and ADG of pigs. Low CP concentration increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG compared with normal CP concentration. An interaction (P = 0.026) occurred between dietary Co-P inclusion and CP concentration for G:F; low CP reduced (P < 0.05) G:F compared with normal CP for pig fed low Co-P, but G:F did not differ between CP concentrations for pigs fed mid and high Co-P. Increasing dietary Co-P inclusion from low to high increased (P < 0.001) α-linolenic acid (ALA) in jowl fat but decreased (P < 0.001) carcass weight and loin depth. In Exp. 2, 1,008 pigs (initial BW, 30.3 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary regimens with Co-P increasing from 2.0 to 50.0% or a sixth regimen with 10% extra supplemental AA for the 37.5% Co-P diet. Overall (d 0 to 97), increasing Co-P inclusion did not affect ADFI, ADG, and G:F. Increasing dietary Co-P inclusion linearly decreased (P < 0.01) carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and loin depth but linearly increased (P < 0.001) jowl ALA. Supplementing 10% extra AA to the 37.5% Co-P diet did not affect growth performance or dressing percentage but increased (P = 0.014) carcass leanness and decreased (P = 0.023) backfat thickness compared with the 37.5% Co-P diet, indicating that dietary AA supply did not limit BW gain. In conclusion, Co-P can be included by up to 50% in diets for growing-finishing pigs without affecting G:F. However, increasing dietary Co-P may reduce ADG, ADFI, and carcass weight even if diets are balanced for dietary NE and standardized ileal digestible AA content.
饲料副产品（Co-P）的纳入为利用当地饲料使饲料基质多样化、降低饲料成本和生产增值猪肉提供了机会。在 2 项研究中，我们确定了 Co-P（菜粕、酒糟干物质和可挤压油籽和豌豆）纳入水平和降低饲粮 CP 浓度对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体特性和颊脂脂肪酸谱的影响。猪在 4 个生长阶段接受等能量和等赖氨酸的饲粮，每个饲粮方案有 8 个栏的观察值。屠宰时，对所有猪进行胴体特征描述，并从每个栏的 2 头猪中收集颊脂。在试验 1 中，1056 头猪（初始体重 35.3 ± 0.4kg）饲喂 3 种饲粮 Co-P（低、中、高）和 2 种 CP 浓度（低和正常）。总体（d 0 至 86），从低 Co-P 到中 Co-P 或高 Co-P 饲粮的 Co-P 纳入量增加，猪的 ADFI 和 ADG 降低（P<0.001）。低 CP 浓度与正常 CP 浓度相比，增加了 ADFI 和 ADG（P<0.05）。饲粮 Co-P 纳入与 CP 浓度之间存在互作（P=0.026），低 CP 降低了（P<0.05）低 Co-P 组猪的 G:F，但高 CP 组猪的 G:F 没有差异。高 Co-P 组猪的 G:F 增加（P<0.001），低 Co-P 组猪的 G:F 增加（P<0.001）。从低 Co-P 到高 Co-P 的饲粮 Co-P 纳入量增加，增加了（P<0.001）颊脂中的α-亚麻酸（ALA），但降低了（P<0.001）胴体重和腰深度。在试验 2 中，1008 头猪（初始体重 30.3 ± 0.4kg）被分配到 5 种饲粮处理，Co-P 从 2.0%增加到 50.0%，或第六种饲粮额外补充 10%的 AA，用于 37.5%的 Co-P 饲粮。总体（d 0 至 97），增加 Co-P 纳入量对 ADFI、ADG 和 G:F 没有影响。增加饲粮 Co-P 纳入量线性降低（P<0.01）胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚度和腰深度，但线性增加（P<0.001）颊脂中的 ALA。额外补充 10%的 AA 到 37.5%的 Co-P 饲粮，与 37.5%的 Co-P 饲粮相比，生长性能或屠宰率没有影响，但增加了（P=0.014）胴体瘦肉率，降低了（P=0.023）背膘厚度，表明饲粮 AA 供应没有限制 BW 增长。总之，在生长育肥猪饲粮中 Co-P 可纳入高达 50%，而不会影响 G:F。然而，即使饲粮平衡了饲粮 NE 和标准回肠可消化 AA 含量，增加饲粮 Co-P 可能会降低 ADG、ADFI 和胴体重。
