马属动物气管阻塞与非阻塞时的气管形态学研究。

Division of Veterinary Clinical Science, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, EH25 9RG.

Equine Vet J. 2010 Mar;42(2):136-41. doi: 10.2746/042516409X480412.

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY

There is limited information on the gross tracheal morphology of donkeys with or without tracheal abnormalities.

OBJECTIVES

To: 1) examine the morphology of tracheas of donkeys with and without clinical and/or post mortem evidence of tracheal obstruction; 2) record the cross-sectional dimensions and shapes of tracheal rings at fixed sites; and 3) document prevalence, sites and characteristics of detected tracheal abnormalities.

METHODS

The tracheas of 75, predominantly aged (median age 30 years, range 7-48 years) donkeys that died or were subjected to euthanasia on humane grounds were examined. Five had severe dyspnoea due to tracheal obstruction (with intercurrent lung disease in 3), while 7 had post mortem evidence of severe tracheal airway obstruction. Every 5th tracheal ring was dissected free and the inner and outer vertical and transverse dimensions and cross sectional areas were measured. Each dissected ring was photographed and the shape of the trachea was classified as normal or, in one of 6 abnormal grades, according to the type and degree of structural abnormality present.

RESULTS

The tracheas had a mean of 43 (range 34-50) tracheal rings that tended to be more oval in shape in the distal cervical region. Only 31.2% of rings examined had a circular to oval shape. Dorso-ventral flattening was present in 0.9% of tracheal rings, dorsal ligament separation in 24.4%, slight cartilage deformity in 26.0%, moderate cartilage deformity in 10.4%, marked cartilage deformity in 1.9% and miscellaneous other abnormalities in 4.9% of tracheal rings. The 12 donkeys with ante or post mortem evidence of tracheal obstruction had significantly increased tracheal abnormality grade in comparison to the remaining donkeys.

CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE

Structural tracheal abnormalities are present in most old donkeys, but generally do not cause clinical problems in these sedentary animals unless intercurrent pulmonary disease is present.

研究目的

有关无气管异常和有气管异常的驴的气管大体形态的信息有限。

目标

1）检查有和无临床和/或死后气管阻塞证据的驴的气管形态；2）记录固定部位气管环的横截面尺寸和形状；3）记录检测到的气管异常的发生率、部位和特征。

方法

检查了 75 头主要是年龄较大（中位数年龄为 30 岁，范围为 7-48 岁）的驴的气管，这些驴因气管阻塞（3 例伴有间发性肺部疾病）而死亡或人道处死，5 头因气管阻塞而严重呼吸困难，7 头有严重的气管气道阻塞的死后证据。每 5 个气管环被解剖出来，测量内、外垂直和横向尺寸以及横截面积。每个解剖的环都被拍照，并根据存在的结构异常的类型和程度，将气管的形状分为正常或 6 种异常等级之一。

结果

气管平均有 43 个（范围 34-50 个）气管环，在远端颈部区域倾向于呈更椭圆形。只有 31.2%的检查环呈圆形到椭圆形。气管环的背腹扁平化发生率为 0.9%，背侧韧带分离发生率为 24.4%，轻微软骨畸形发生率为 26.0%，中度软骨畸形发生率为 10.4%，明显软骨畸形发生率为 1.9%，其他异常发生率为 4.9%。12 头有气管阻塞的生前或死后证据的驴的气管异常等级显著高于其余的驴。