Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Mar 27;365(1542):961-75. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0225.
The study of ingestive behaviour has an extensive history, starting as early as 1918 when Wallace Craig, an animal behaviourist, coined the terms 'appetitive' and 'consummatory' for the two-part sequence of eating, drinking and sexual behaviours. Since then, most ingestive behaviour research has focused on the neuroendocrine control of food ingestion (consummatory behaviour). The quantity of food eaten, however, is also influenced by the drive both to acquire and to store food (appetitive behaviour). For example, hamster species have a natural proclivity to hoard food and preferentially alter appetitive ingestive behaviours in response to environmental changes and/or metabolic hormones and neuropeptides, whereas other species would instead primarily increase their food intake. Therefore, with the strong appetitive component to their ingestive behaviour that is relatively separate from their consummatory behaviour, they seem an ideal model for elucidating the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the control of food hoarding and foraging. This review focuses on the appetitive side of ingestive behaviour, in particular food hoarding, attempting to integrate what is known about the neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating this relatively poorly studied behaviour. An hypothesis is formed stating that the direction of 'energy flux' is a unifying factor for the control of food hoarding.
摄食行为的研究历史悠久，可以追溯到 1918 年，当时动物行为学家华莱士·克雷格（Wallace Craig）为进食、饮水和性行为这两个连续过程创造了“摄食”和“消化”这两个术语。从那时起，大多数摄食行为研究都集中在食物摄入的神经内分泌控制（消化行为）上。然而，食物的摄入量也受到获取和储存食物的驱动力的影响（摄食行为）。例如，仓鼠物种有天然的囤积食物的倾向，并优先改变摄食行为以响应环境变化和/或代谢激素和神经肽，而其他物种则主要增加食物摄入量。因此，由于其摄食行为中具有强烈的摄食成分，且与消化行为相对独立，它们似乎是阐明控制食物囤积和觅食的神经内分泌机制的理想模型。本综述重点关注摄食行为的摄食方面，特别是食物囤积，试图整合已知的调节这种研究相对较少的行为的神经内分泌机制。形成了一个假设，即“能量流”的方向是控制食物囤积的统一因素。
