Nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions during ovine oocyte maturation.

The present studies have been undertaken to investigate the interactions that occur between the nucleus and cytoplasm of ovine oocytes at various stages during meiotic maturation. We report that the nucleus of ovine fully grown dictyate stage oocytes can be efficiently removed by a microsurgical enucleation procedure. It is demonstrated that between the initiation of maturation and germinal vesicle breakdown certain newly synthesized polypeptides are selectively sequestered in the oocyte nucleus and the major sequestered polypeptide has a relative molecular mass of 28,000, which represent at least 9% of the total labelled polypeptides transferred to the oocyte nucleus during the first 4 h of maturation. The experiments provide evidence that the removal of the oocyte nucleus at various times before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) does not prevent the major series of changes in protein synthesis that occurs after entry into a metaphase. We conclude therefore that the mixing of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm is not essential for the initiation or progression of the protein reprogramming process during maturation. In addition, the experiments show that the development of the ability to condense chromatin during ovine oocyte maturation is independent of the oocyte nucleus. The combined results strongly support the hypothesis that the extensive series of translational changes that occur in oocytes during maturation are controlled by cytoplasmic rather than nuclear factors.