Semba R D, Donnelly J J, Young E, Green W R, Scott A L, Taylor H R
Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Apr;32(5):1499-507.
Onchocerciasis is a major cause of blindness worldwide, and much of the blindness is caused by onchocercal chorioretinitis. In an experimental animal model for ocular onchocerciasis, intravitreal injections of 10,000 live Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae isolated from infected humans into the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) resulted in patchy, progressive loss of retinal pigment with pigment clumping. Areas of pigment loss were less extensive in animals that had been sensitized with microfilariae. Intravitreal injections of dead O. volvulus microfilariae resulted in mild vitritis with relatively less clinical change noted in the retina and choroid. Histopathologic examination revealed thinning and loss of outer retinal layers with pigment migration into the retina, and inflammation was more pronounced in eyes that received live microfilariae. Clinical changes appeared in eyes receiving live microfilariae before the development of significant antibody or cell-mediated immune responses. O. volvulus microfilariae appear to be more suitable than O. lienalis microfilariae in producing lesions which resemble human onchocerciasis in the primate model.
盘尾丝虫病是全球失明的主要原因，且大部分失明是由盘尾丝虫性脉络膜视网膜炎所致。在眼部盘尾丝虫病的实验动物模型中，向食蟹猴（猕猴）眼内玻璃体内注射从受感染人类分离出的10,000条活盘尾丝虫微丝蚴，会导致视网膜色素呈斑片状、进行性丧失并伴有色素结块。在用微丝蚴致敏的动物中，色素丧失区域范围较小。向玻璃体内注射死的盘尾丝虫微丝蚴会导致轻度葡萄膜炎，视网膜和脉络膜的临床变化相对较少。组织病理学检查显示视网膜外层变薄和丧失，色素迁移至视网膜内，且在接受活微丝蚴注射的眼中炎症更为明显。在出现显著的抗体或细胞介导免疫反应之前，接受活微丝蚴注射的眼中就已出现临床变化。在灵长类动物模型中，盘尾丝虫微丝蚴似乎比链尾丝虫微丝蚴更适合产生类似人类盘尾丝虫病的病变。
